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How do medical institutions provide classified health services？ What are the specific requirements for optimizing the scope and frequency of nucleic acid detection？ How to provide more convenience for

　　On December 8th, the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held a press conference, inviting relevant responsible comrades and experts from the National Health and Wellness Commission and the National Bureau of Disease Control to attend, and introducing the situation of further optimizing the implementation of epidemic prevention and control measures. Please pay attention to the Q&A of this issue!

　　Scientifically and accurately implement ten optimization measures

　　△ Mi Feng, spokesperson of the National Health and Wellness Commission and deputy director of the Propaganda Department

　　After the introduction of the ten optimization measures, all localities acted quickly, formulated specific implementation measures, accurately defined high-risk areas, optimized nucleic acid detection, adjusted isolation methods, canceled the negative nucleic acid test certificate, and cancelled health codes and trip codes according to regulations.

　　It is necessary to implement it scientifically and accurately in accordance with national prevention and control measures. Smooth the channel of "handling complaints immediately" and respond to and solve the urgent problems reflected by the masses at the first time.

　　It is necessary to speed up the Covid-19 vaccination for the elderly, conduct a thorough health survey for the elderly suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, tumor, immune deficiency and other diseases, and provide health services in different grades.

　　I also remind you that after optimizing the measures, you should continue to do personal protection, maintain healthy and civilized living habits, be the first person responsible for your own health, protect yourself and protect your family.

　　What role do medical institutions at all levels play in providing classified health services for key populations?

　　△ Guo Yanhong, Director of the Medical Emergency Department of the National Health and Wellness Commission

　　Everyone pays special attention to the classified management of positive infected people in Covid-19, which is also an important part of the optimization measures. As we know, Omicron mutant spreads quickly, is highly contagious and spreads invisibly. However, with the variation of the virus, it can be said that the vast majority of infected people are mild or asymptomatic in clinical characteristics, and the proportion of severe cases is relatively small. Therefore, in order to make an overall plan for the layout and utilization of medical resources, the key point is to do a good job in the medical treatment and management of those who are seriously ill and have serious risk factors in COVID-19. We have classified and treated those infected with COVID-19 virus.

　　First, for mild and asymptomatic infected people, those who have no basic diseases or whose basic diseases are in a stable period, they can take care of themselves at home. Today, we issued the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Guidelines for Home Treatment of Infected Persons in Covid-19, giving guidance to home care and the work of primary health care institutions.

　　On the one hand, the infected people carry out self-health monitoring and symptomatic treatment at home. It is particularly important to emphasize that there is no need for treatment without symptoms, and self-health monitoring should be done well. If there are symptoms, such as fever and cough, do a good job of symptomatic treatment. If necessary, you can contact primary medical and health institutions or through the form of internet medical treatment, and the doctor will give professional guidance.

　　On the other hand, because most infected people can be treated in isolation at home, we require grass-roots medical and health institutions to make public consultation calls, and at the same time establish ledgers for elderly people living alone, patients with basic diseases, and pregnant women, especially those with hemodialysis, to do a good job in medical service guarantee. Hospitals can also provide online services through Internet medical services, and medical staff, especially those in primary medical and health institutions, can also provide various forms of professional services such as door-to-door. At the same time, we require medical institutions at all levels, especially primary medical and health institutions, to prepare commonly used drugs and antigen detection reagents, which can meet the needs of health monitoring and medication for home therapists.

　　Second, this part of patients with severe illness or serious risk should be admitted to designated hospitals. In order to ensure the treatment of this part of patients with severe illness or serious risk, we require that hospitals with strong comprehensive ability and high treatment level should be selected as designated treatment hospitals, and at the same time, they should be equipped with strong medical staff. The medical staff team should be multidisciplinary, because it is necessary to ensure the treatment of COVID-19, but also to ensure the treatment of basic diseases. Therefore, we require the designated hospitals to improve the ability of medical treatment and ensure the treatment of patients.

　　Thirdly, there are some patients who have basic diseases or other diseases, and go to general hospitals or specialized hospitals for treatment. In the process of treatment, they may be COVID-19 positive after testing. For this group of people, we have asked general hospitals and specialized hospitals to set up buffer zones in outpatient, emergency and inpatient areas, so as to ensure that these patients can be treated and meet the needs of people’s medical services.

　　In autumn and winter, there are many respiratory infectious diseases, including influenza, and many of them have fever symptoms. Therefore, we require that the fever clinics of medical institutions should be "fully set up and fully opened", and at the same time, the telephone number and address should be made public so that ordinary people can go to the fever clinic nearby for treatment. At the same time, it is also required that the fever clinic should expand the consultation space, equip the medical staff, improve the consultation ability, and not shut down at will to ensure that the diagnosis and treatment work can be carried out smoothly and orderly, and better safeguard the health of the people.

　　What are the specific requirements for optimizing measures to further narrow the scope and reduce the frequency of nucleic acid detection?

　　△ He Qinghua, the first-level inspector of the Department of Communication and Prevention of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention

　　Further optimization measures require further optimization of nucleic acid detection, emphasizing that nucleic acid detection should focus on areas and people with high risk of infection, mainly reducing the scope and frequency of nucleic acid detection from the following aspects:

　　First, not to carry out all-staff nucleic acid testing according to administrative regions.

　　Second, except for special places such as nursing homes, welfare homes, medical institutions, child care institutions, primary and secondary schools, negative proof of nucleic acid testing is not required.

　　Third, cross-regional migrants will no longer be examined for negative nucleic acid test certificates or health codes, and landing inspections will no longer be carried out.

　　Fourth, according to the needs of epidemic prevention work, antigen testing can be carried out.

　　In addition, it is also required to carry out nucleic acid testing for employees in high-risk positions in accordance with the relevant provisions of Article 20 optimization measures, and the scope of nucleic acid testing shall not be expanded.

　　Employees in high-risk positions mainly include: those who are in direct contact with entry personnel, articles and the environment, staff in centralized isolation places, medical staff in fever clinics in designated medical institutions and general medical institutions, and those who are engaged in supermarkets, express delivery and take-out with frequent contacts and strong mobility.

　　Many elderly people with mobility difficulties rarely go to crowded places. Why should they be vaccinated?

　　△ Xia Gang, Director of the Department of Health and Immunity, National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention

　　At present, the epidemic situation is still severe and complicated. Vaccination still has a good effect in preventing severe illness and death. Vulnerable people such as the elderly can easily develop into severe illness, critical illness and even death after being infected with Covid-19. Vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine has benefited the most. There are quite a few disabled and semi-disabled elderly people in China who live at home for a long time and rarely go out. However, they may still be infected during the company or visit of relatives, which may lead to illness or even serious illness and death. Therefore, it is still necessary to vaccinate.

　　At the same time, considering the mobility of these elderly people, in order to make them more convenient for vaccination, we have continued some previous good practices, including using mobile vaccination vehicles, setting up special vaccination sessions for the elderly and opening up green channels for vaccination for the elderly. At the same time, it is also suggested that all localities can send medical personnel with rich experience in diagnosis, treatment and vaccination to form vaccination teams, carry common equipment and medicines needed during observation after vaccination, and provide home vaccination services for disabled and semi-disabled elderly people, so that these elderly people can complete vaccination without leaving home.

　　What are the high-risk posts specified in epidemic prevention measures?

　　△ Wang Liping, a researcher at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of China

　　The first category is extremely risky, which refers to those who are in direct contact with entry personnel, articles and environment, staff in centralized isolation places, and medical staff in fever clinics of designated medical institutions and general medical institutions. They are required to conduct closed-loop management during the operation and conduct nucleic acid testing every day.

　　The second category refers to the staff of Shangchao, who are closely related to our lives. Some employees working in the environment, such as express delivery and take-away, are relatively dense. They have frequent contact with people and strong mobility. We should also do a good job in monitoring and nucleic acid testing, and require two nucleic acid tests every week.

　　Personal physical discomfort, what can I choose to observe at home? Which ones need medical treatment?

　　△ Wang Guiqiang, Director of Infectious Diseases Department of Peking University First Hospital

　　Patients need certain basic conditions for home observation, including having a separate room and no serious basic diseases. Most infected people in Covid-19 can stay at home, and only a few people with serious basic diseases need to see a doctor in a medical institution.

　　Home observation emphasizes home observation and treatment. On the one hand, it is necessary to measure your body temperature regularly and observe your various symptoms. If you have symptoms such as fever and cough, you can take medicine for the symptoms.

　　If the following situations occur, it is recommended to contact the community doctor. If the illness is serious, you can contact 120 to go to the hospital for treatment. One is dyspnea and shortness of breath. Second, after drug treatment, you still have a fever. If it exceeds 38.5℃ for more than 3 days, you should go to the hospital. Third, when the original basic disease is obviously aggravated, medication can not be controlled, or there is a risk of acute and critical diseases such as precordial pain, you must go to the hospital in time for treatment. Fourth, children have drowsiness, vomiting, diarrhea, refusal to eat, etc., and they will not be relieved after treatment. Those who have been in the hospital for more than two days will also go to the hospital. Fifth, pregnant women have headaches, dizziness, palpitation, shortness of breath or abnormal fetal movement, and they should also go to the hospital for treatment.

　　In short, when observing in isolation at home, do a good job of personal health monitoring, and contact community doctors at any time if you have any problems, and go to the hospital for treatment if necessary to avoid aggravation of the disease.

　　Text finishing: Wang Ning

　　Video clip: Wang Junke and Yang Shijia (internship)

　　Editor: Yang Minghao

What are the differences between HarmonyOS and Android？

　　What are the differences between HarmonyOS and Android? The biggest difference between HarmonyOS system and Android system is compatibility, the system design is more concise and smooth, and HarmonyOS system is a real system made in China, which is more meaningful to us.

　　At 8: 00pm on June 2nd, the much-anticipated HarmonyOS system was officially released. The release of HarmonyOS system was a brilliant moment for Huawei and even China’s science and technology field. In 2012, Huawei began to plan its own system. Huawei’s pioneering spirit deserves our praise. Until June 2 this year, Huawei’s HarmonyOS system was finally released, which lasted for nine years. On this day, HarmonyOS system was officially opened to the majority of Chinese users, which also marked the official arrival of HarmonyOS system.

　

　 　 　 　 Introduction to the differences between HarmonyOS system and Android.

　 　 　 　 First, the system design is simpler and smoother.

　　First of all, it is clear that HarmonyOS’s genes must be better than Android’s. Under the HarmonyOS system, the running speed of the software will be more than 60% higher than that of Android, and the system design will be more concise and light.

　 　 　 　 Second, HarmonyOS system is more compatible with equipment.

　　The biggest difference between HarmonyOS system and Android system is compatibility. HarmonyOS system can support a large number of smart home devices at the same time, and it can form a seamless unified operating system, so that every smart device is a control center. However, Android’s performance in this respect is completely inferior to that of HarmonyOS system, which is basically only suitable for mobile phones. With the continuous popularization of 5G, people’s communication methods have also changed a lot. One of them is the interconnection of everything, which is based on high-speed network connections, so HarmonyOS is really suitable for 5G.

　　 　 Third, the real Chinese system

　　Both Android and iOS are foreign systems, while HarmonyOS is a system independently developed by Huawei, and the core technology is in our hands. With more than 30 million users in a month, HarmonyOS has a bright future.

　 　 　 　 Write it at the end

　　Although the HarmonyOS system has been officially released, people’s expectations for the HarmonyOS system are very high, but for the HarmonyOS system, it is just showing its edge, and there is still a long way to go in the future. I hope you can give it more tolerance and suggestions. In contrast, HarmonyOS system has advantages and disadvantages, and needs to be improved gradually. Another point is that there are too few supporters of HarmonyOS system at present, and only Huawei is using HarmonyOS system in domestic mobile phones. Other manufacturers are basically waiting to see. If a system wants to develop rapidly, it must have a user base. I hope you can support it a lot.

Will Abe, who is plagued by the scandal of the Japanese Yasukuni Shrine during the Spring Festival, worship？

　　BEIJING, April 21 (Xinhua) From April 21, the Yasukuni Shrine, which honors a number of Japanese Class-A World War II war criminals, will hold a three-day routine spring festival. In previous years, Japanese politicians, including Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, would choose to offer sacrifices, offerings or direct visits to worship.

　　Recently, due to successive scandals, the cabinet led by Abe is facing a crisis, and the voice of "Abe stepping down" and "Abe is difficult to be re-elected as the president of the Liberal Democratic Party" has gradually sounded in Japan. In such an "eventful spring", how will Abe and his cabinet members handle the question of whether to pay homage and how to pay homage to the Yasukuni Shrine?

　　Members pay homage and call on Abe to "worship ghosts"

　　On the morning of 20th, local time, members of the "Meeting of Members of Parliament who All Come to Visit the Yasukuni Shrine" composed of Japanese parliamentarians from different parties have collectively visited the Yasukuni Shrine.

　　The group was established in 1981. Since its establishment, it has organized members to pay collective visits to the Yasukuni Shrine on the day of Japan’s defeat and during the routine festivals in the Spring and Autumn Period. Last spring, more than 90 members of the National Assembly participated in the big festival. During the autumn festival, they were unable to pay homage because of the parliamentary election. On December 5 last year, more than 60 members went to pay homage.

　　Japan’s Asahi Shimbun reported that when asked whether Abe would pay homage to the Yasukuni Shrine, Hideyoshi Nagatami said, "At present, Japan is in trouble at home and abroad, and it is at this time that it is the prime minister who should come to pay homage, so that those heroes who died for the country will not feel shame."

　　Japanese TBS TV station believes that Abe is not expected to pay homage to the Yasukuni Shrine during its routine spring festival, although Hidehisa Otsuji has expressed his hope that Abe will "worship ghosts".

　　Do you pay homage? There have been many sacrifices before.

　　From his first official residence in 2006 to his third term, Abe has visited the Yasukuni Shrine twice. During his first term as prime minister, Abe did not visit the Yasukuni Shrine. However, he once said that during his first term, he "thought about when to visit the shrine many times", which made him "feel guilty about the heroes in the Yasukuni Shrine".

　　On October 17, 2012, on the first day of the autumn festival of the Yasukuni Shrine, Abe, who had just been elected as the president of the Liberal Democratic Party, went to pay homage. On December 26th of the following year, the first anniversary of his second term in power, he visited the shrine again. Later, during the annual "Final War Memorial Day" and the Spring and Autumn Festival, although Abe did not pay homage again, he paid for the offerings from his own pocket.

　　The analysis believes that it is an important issue for Abe to grasp the distance from his main support base and the Japanese right-wing conservative forces who support visiting the shrine. It is not difficult to see from past experience that Abe’s visit to the Yasukuni Shrine was chosen at a time when his ruling momentum was booming. However, at present, the cabinet he leads can be said to be in trouble.

　　In an eventful spring, government scandals are one after another.

　　At present, Abe is "getting deeper and deeper" on the issue of Senyou Academy and Plus Academy. Last month, Japan’s Ministry of Finance admitted to tampering with the relevant approval documents for "selling" state-owned land to Senyou Academy, including deleting the names of Prime Minister’s wife, Akie Abe, and others. This month, the relevant documents found by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries for running the "Plus School" have increased the suspicion that Abe is a good friend and "uses power for personal gain".

　　In Japan’s Defense Ministry, following last year’s "reporting the door" incident of the Self-Defense Forces’ peacekeeping operations in South Sudan, the department was caught in a scandal of reporting the Self-Defense Forces’ Iraq operation logs. In response to this matter, the opposition party demanded that the Abe government take responsibility and asked the defense center Onoji Five Codes to resign.

　　In addition, the news of Japan’s "Weekly Trendy" magazine also caused a heavy blow to Abe’s cabinet. Shunichi Fukuda, Deputy Minister of Finance Affairs, was accused of repeatedly sexually harassing female journalists. After the incident was exposed, due to pressure from all sides, Fukuda Junichi resigned. At present, the opposition party has further called for the resignation of Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Taro Aso.

　　Under the influence of the scandal, the support rate of Abe’s cabinet was seriously frustrated. According to a poll conducted by Japan’s Asahi Shimbun and Kyodo News in the middle of this month, the support rate of Abe’s cabinet will be less than 40%, and the disapproval rate will be as high as 52%.

　　Re-election crisis? Or take a low-key approach.

　　The Japanese media pointed out that because Abe could not find a coup to improve the cabinet support rate, the situation of "Abe alone" within the Liberal Democratic Party began to change. Some analysts also said that maintaining the position of the president of the Liberal Democratic Party in the election in September this year is regarded as a prerequisite for Abe’s re-election as prime minister. As the support rate fell to the "lowest point", Abe entered the "dangerous waters" where he might step down.

　　At the same time, Japanese folks are gradually calling for "Abe to step down." On the 14th of this month, about 30,000 people held a large-scale rally in front of the National Assembly in Tokyo, demanding the collective resignation of Abe and his cabinet.

　　On August 15th last year, the 72nd anniversary of Japan’s defeat, in the third cabinet reshuffle of the third Abe government, no cabinet members went to visit the Yasukuni Shrine in the north of Tokyo’s Jiuduan, and Abe did not pay a visit, but presented a tribute at his own expense. This is the second time since Abe’s cabinet took office. For the first time, no cabinet member personally visited the shrine on the day of defeat or in the spring and autumn festivals.

　　At that time, Abe was also riddled with scandals and was forced to reshuffle the cabinet because of the sudden drop in support rate. The analysis believes that for Abe at that time, restoring trust was the top priority, so a low-key approach was adopted depending on the trend of public opinion. At today’s point in time, how Abe handles the Yasukuni Shrine Spring Festival will also receive much attention. (End)

36Kr’s first launch ｜ ＂Xun Ant Technology＂ announced the completion of tens of millions of B+ rounds of financing, extending from drone distribution to low-altitude digital services

36Kr was informed that HangzhouXunyiNetwork Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Xunyi Technology") announced the completion of tens of millions of B+ rounds of financing. The investor of this round of financing is Huakong Fund, and Yibai Capital is the financial consultant. Zhang Lei, CEO of Xunyi Technology, said that this round of financing funds will be mainly used for market expansion, model research and development and other business aspects.

Xunyi Technology is a startup company (https://36kr.com/p/1484754923340164) that 36Kr continues to pay attention to. Founded in 2015, Xunyi Technology mainly provides air logistics services to the market through the design and development of unmanned aerial vehicles, automatic hub stations and automatic flight control dispatching systems, and in 2019, it obtained the trial operation license of urban environmental logistics unmanned aerial vehicles issued by the Civil Aviation Administration of China. At present, hundreds of normal flight logistics routes have been established in China, and the accumulated commercial flight mileage exceeds 500,000 kilometers.

Xunyi technology UAV

Due to the epidemic situation and the development of unmanned distribution industry, the market scale of UAV distribution is also expanding. Related research shows that the market scale of UAV terminal distribution in China will exceed 300 billion yuan in the future. Zhang Lei, CEO of Xunyi Technology, believes that the demand for drone distribution in the market continues to exist, and it is becoming more specific and rational, which means that service providers or solution providers should provide better technology and services to gain market recognition and industry focus.

As one of the first enterprises in China to realize the commercial application of urban air logistics, Xunyi Technology continues to consolidate its first-Mover advantage by leading the formulation of industry standards after winning the operation license. Since the beginning of this year, three core technical standards in the field of urban UAV logistics drafted by Xun Ant Technology have been successively promulgated and implemented by the Civil Aviation Administration of China, including Technical Requirements for Electric Multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Light and Small) System for Urban Scene Logistics, Specification for Route Planning of Urban Low-altitude Unmanned Aviation Logistics and Classification of Distributed Operation Levels of Civil Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The above standards respectively define the relevant technical requirements for the three core elements of aircraft airworthiness design, route planning and personnel/system operation.

Xunyi Technology mainly serves the field of medical emergency, and the flexibility and stability of UAV logistics can play the greatest value in medical scenes. The UAV of Xunyi Technology has the functions of autonomous path planning, automatic take-off and landing, etc., and its voyage can cover the surrounding area of more than 20 kilometers. By matching with automatic hub stations, it can complete the automatic distribution task in complex weather conditions.

Xunyi technology medical treatment transportation service

Zhang Lei said that the field of medical emergency requires high timeliness and convenience of distribution, and at the same time, it has good willingness and ability to pay, and the distribution task has high-value characteristics. Therefore, cutting into the medical market can well achieve service landing and realize business closed loop.

Fast ant technology is also expanding its business services. According to public reports, Xunyi Technology recently released the latest urban air traffic data service "Skap" system, aiming at serving the construction of digital cities by integrating urban air operation data. It is understood that the "Sky Map" system can collect image data from the aerial perspective and provide data supplement and perspective support for ground cameras.

At the same time, the UAV of Xunyi Technology can also become a sensor, which can sense the environment or other data in the flight airspace and provide services for the construction of urban Internet of Things in low-altitude airspace. Zhang Lei said: "Our aircraft can achieve some monitoring tasks such as air quality monitoring, vibration monitoring, noise monitoring, etc., and analyze the data, and at the same time it is very timely. It is not only an automated terminal, but also a part of the sensor. Finally, we can provide these data to big data integration units serving urban construction and play a role. " By cooperating with the data platforms of Tencent, Ali, Huawei and other companies, "Tiantu" will comprehensively enhance the urban digital construction capacity and expand the latitude of urban digital management.

Xun Ant Technology also productized the UAV autopilot operating system. It is understood that at present, Xun Ant Technology has released the "uamOS Yueyi" UAV in-flight autopilot operating system, which is mainly provided for UAV integrators and operators, and can help them achieve the high-reliability autopilot function of UAVs more quickly. And related projects landed.

Xunyi Technology UAV and Hangar

Xun Ant Technology has made a layout in three aspects: UAV transportation service, autopilot system service and low-altitude city data service, with a comprehensive strategy and expanded business model. At present, the main business of Xunyi Technology is the air transportation service of project system, and the other two businesses are expanding steadily.

In terms of hardware, Xun Ant Technology has completed the research and development and testing of the fourth UAV, which has a longer range and a larger load. At the same time, it has also optimized and upgraded the UAV automatic hub station. Zhang Lei said that this move is to expand the scope of transport goods, and in the future, he can even participate in the emergency rescue of critically ill patients, and Xun Ant Technology still has several other drone products under research.

On the customer side, Xunyi Technology has reached long-term and stable cooperation with the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University and the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, and has carried out a large number of other types of business in nearly ten provinces and cities such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Sichuan. In terms of personnel, Xunyi Technology currently has nearly 100 employees, and continues to expand.

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The National Development and Reform Commission interprets the highlights of next year’s holiday arrangement： the longest Spring Festival holiday in history is more humane

　　Cctv newsAccording to the official blog of @ National Development and Reform Commission, the annual annual holiday arrangement has always been the focus of public attention and anticipation. After overall coordination and comprehensive consideration, the General Office of the State Council released some holiday arrangements for 2024 in due course. This holiday arrangement mainly presents five highlights:

　　Highlight 1: 9 days, the longest Spring Festival holiday in history.

　　In 2024, there will be at least 8 days of holiday in the Spring Festival, from the first day to the eighth day. If you cooperate with paid vacation, you can have a holiday for 9 days, which is the first big gift package in the New Year. Although there is no nominal holiday on New Year’s Eve, all units and institutions are encouraged to make flexible arrangements according to the actual situation. At the same time, the expressway has been free, which is essentially to create conditions for ordinary people to take an extra day off. The extension of the Spring Festival holiday can satisfy the desire of the masses to spend more time on family reunion, and can also achieve a small goal of reuniting first and then traveling. This is an innovative and warm-hearted move based on the provisions of the National Holidays and Remembrance Days, which fully reflects the good intentions and careful design of policy makers.

　　Highlight 2: It has to be adjusted, but it is more humane and flexible.

　　Vacation is a topic of general concern to the public in holiday arrangements. At present, there are quite different opinions among the public on whether to take a vacation and how to take it. Generally speaking, it is better to take a rest than not to take a rest, and it has to be adjusted. Because among the seven statutory holidays, the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are determined according to the lunar calendar, New Year’s Day, Labor Day and National Day are determined according to the Gregorian calendar, and Tomb-Sweeping Day is determined according to the solar terms, which is not enough to connect with the weekends in the Gregorian calendar. If we do not make a holiday, basically every year, some holidays will be separated from weekends by one working day, resulting in a lot of "single jumps", which is not "single jumps" Vacation is an effective policy arrangement to avoid "fragmentation" of holidays under the premise of fixed total holidays. In 2024, the "9573" holiday schedule was formed through the adjustment of holidays, which showed strong humanization and flexibility.

　　Highlight 3: Minimal intervention, try not to disturb people’s normal life rhythm.

　　Holidays in 2024 are relatively balanced. By borrowing near the weekend, the Spring Festival is at least 8 days, the National Day is 7 days, and the Labor Day is 5 days. New Year’s Day, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are all 3 days, and the longest working day after the long holiday is only 6 days. The adjustment range is relatively small, which avoids the situation of long working hours after the long holiday and better meets the actual needs of people.

　　Highlight 4: the combination of length and length can better meet the travel requirements and vacation expectations of the masses.

　　China’s statutory holidays have the characteristics of time distribution "more in the first half of the year, less in the second half" and date interval "shorter in the first half and longer in the second half", with five holidays concentrated in the first half. This holiday arrangement fully takes into account the date characteristics of these legal holidays, and forms four holiday distributions, namely, a three-day short holiday, a five-day short holiday, a seven-day long holiday and a nine-day super-long holiday, which better realizes the situation that long holidays and short holidays are intertwined. Through the reasonable combination of long vacation and short vacation, people can make travel plans and arrangements for the whole year in advance, and have more and better date choices in visiting relatives, leisure and tourism, so as to avoid "rushing to travel" and "rushing to travel".

　　Highlight 5: Encourage the implementation of paid annual leave to better protect people’s rest rights.

　　For the first time, the State Council Office proposed to encourage the implementation of the system of paid annual leave, which is essentially to advocate enterprises and institutions to let go if they can under the premise of ensuring basic operation. At present, the total number of legal holidays in China is 11 days, with 104 days off on weekends and 5-15 days off with pay. The total number of holiday days is above the average level in the world. The reason why people still feel that holidays are not enough and their sense of gain is not strong is that the paid annual leave system is not implemented in place, and we can’t blame the statutory holiday arrangements and holidays. This holiday arrangement is a very clever exploration by encouraging employers to incorporate the New Year’s Eve holiday into the paid annual holiday arrangement. Relatively speaking, paid annual leave has a longer holiday time and more flexible arrangement, which is more suitable for people’s objective needs of off-peak travel and decentralized arrangement. Only by coordinating paid annual leave with legal holidays can workers’ right to rest be more guaranteed and fully guaranteed.

＂Tang Detective 3＂ is a must for watching movies! Have you found these ＂knowledge points＂？


1905 movie network news　The movie is showing, and the box office has reached 3.9 billion, making it the highest box office in this series at present. The rich content in the film contains many "knowledge points", which has attracted the discussion of all audiences, all of which are interesting points. Here is a movie guide to help you better understand Tang Detective 3. After watching it, you will get more surprises.

　

1. These strange faces in "Tang Tan 3" actually come from Tang Tan’s exploration of the universe.

In the movie "Tang Tan 3", all the classic characters in the previous series of "Tang Tan" appeared, which made the story pattern of "Tang Tan Universe" clearer. In addition to Tang Ren (ornaments) and Qin Feng (ornaments), the elusive girl Sinuo (ornaments) in the first film, Song Yi (ornaments) who finished the hitchhiking murder in the second film, Kiko (ornaments) and others who are proficient in hacking technology and ranked fifth as detectives, have all played an indispensable role in promoting the case or solving puzzles.

Of course, the characters in the online drama of Tang Detective also appeared in the film. Tang Renyuan’s apprentice in Thailand, Lin Mo (ornaments), left many suspense roses Ivy (ornaments), and in the unit of Ghost Invitational Tournament, the detective group "Five Lingtong" headed by Noda Koji gave key information in the film. Perhaps their faces may not be familiar to many viewers, but whether it is the timeline or the role relationship, the seamless connection between the film and the network has established a larger world view, which also marks a new stage for Tang Dynasty to explore the universe.

　

2. Japanese national actors gather in the same movie, which is also rare in Japanese movies.

The movie "Tang Tan 3" that came to Tokyo also attracted many famous Japanese actors by virtue of the influence of "Tang Tan" IP. In addition to the movie "Tang Tan 2", which impressed the audience deeply, there was also a Japanese "national goddess" who was pleasantly called "Ma Jiang" by the audience in China. It is worth mentioning that Tsumabuki Satoshi and Masami Nagasawa worked together in the film and created a pair of brother and sister CP, and this time they cooperated again in the film "Tang Tan 3", which suddenly poked memories.

In addition, there are those who have become "the dream lovers of millions of people" because of their performances, those who have contributed wonderful acting skills in the film, those who have participated in the film, and those who are known as John Needham of Japan, the idol male gods of their parents’ generation, and those who starred in "Blood Suspicion" … … Such a top-level lineup, even the Japanese media are amazed: "So many Japanese national actors appear in the same movie, which even Japanese movies dare not think about. I didn’t expect" Tang Detective 3 "to do it."

　

3. Understand the background of these songs in "Tang Tan 3" to better understand the theme.

It is worth mentioning that there are many classic songs in the movie "Tang Detective 3", which are full of feelings. Among them, Song of Straw Hat and Heal The World not only evoke the memories of several generations, but also convey the core theme of the film "Peace". Straw Hat Song is the soundtrack of Japanese movies, which is similar to the historical background of Tang Tan 3. The appearance of this song in Tang Tan 3 just set off the atmosphere.

Written in 1991, "Heal The World", written for children all over the world, is a song calling for love and peace. The crew of the movie "Tang Detective 3" spent 1 million dollars just to buy the copyright of this song, in order to express their hope for "world peace". The fireworks night scene at the end of the movie matches this warm and beautiful world famous song very well.

　

4, the pen of the topic, the first words in each part are full of deep meaning.

Each episode of the series "Tang Tan" has an opening quote from China’s classical culture. The first two parts are "One yin and one yang are called Tao, and those who follow it are good, and those who succeed are also human" in Zhouyi: Cohesion, and "Tao gives birth to one, one life, two lives, three lives and three things" in Tao Te Ching. In the online drama of Tang Tan, famous sentences in Hua Yan Jing and Sun Tzu’s Art of War are also quoted, which is quite interesting. In the movie "Tang Detective 3", it comes from "A trip to the main road, the world is public" in the Book of Rites, which also points out the good wishes of this movie — — An ideal society of world harmony.

　

5. People who are extremely fearful, do they have another side that is unknown?

In addition to the revelation of the truth of the case, there are many scary characters in the movie "Tang Detective 3", which leads to discussion. Tang Ren, who seems unreliable, has been guiding Qin Feng to solve the case, and found key evidence in three cases, which made many viewers wonder whether Tang Ren is the biggest boss behind it. Qin Feng, who has always been curious about whether he will be blackened, why he wants to complete a perfect crime, and the true identity of his father are also worth pondering.

There is also a famous Thai action actor Tony Jia in the film, who has contributed a lot to the series. This time in "Tang Detective 3", in addition to "action-taking", Jack Jia, also played by Tony Jia, went to Suihua to explore Watanabe’s past life. What was Jack Jia’s past like? What other unknown detective stories did he hide? What will be the development of his branch line in the Tang exploration universe? It makes people curious.

The most noteworthy is the role of Sinoe. Whether it’s an elusive look or a meaningful origami, Sino once again left all kinds of doubts. In the interview, it was revealed that "Sinuo is both good and evil, more like the other side of Qin Feng". Whether she is the hidden king in the audience’s mind is still unknown. All these questions that can’t be answered really need the audience to go to the cinema to experience for themselves.

　

6. The reappearance of classic comedy stalks is still the original Tang-style joy.

Continuing the type of "comedy+reasoning" all the way, the series of "Tang Tan" also left many classic jokes for the audience. In the movie "Tang Detective 1", Qin Feng once slapped Tang Ren in the face. Did you hit me? "I didn’t?" "Did you really not hit me?" The classic dialogue will also be reproduced in "Tang Detective 3", so that the audience can feel this "blood is thicker than water" feeling again.

In addition, the "aunt terrier" that the audience is familiar with will continue to be staged. "Old Qin, help me take care of Xiaolin sauce, as well as A Xiang in Thailand and Ying Ying in the United States." Tang Ren’s "last words" linked up the goddesses in three films, which was very funny. After The Past Can Only Be Reminisced and The Pink Memories, nostalgic golden songs such as great wall never pour also appeared in the film. As soon as the song rang, it instantly had the comedy flavor of Tang Tan.

　

7. "Tang Detective 3" punched out these famous scenes, and Japanese reasoning master Shu Linshen made a surprise guest appearance.

Compared with the first two films, the film "Tang Detective 3" better integrates Tokyo culture with detective adventures, not only visiting Ginza, Shinjuku and Akihabara, but also showing money soup, kendo and cosplay. For example, under the ALEXA IMAX camera, Tokyo’s cultural elements are organically combined with Tangtan 3, such as "Several people throw money at Shibuya Street", "Tangren in Harajuku British Temple fights against sumo" and "Qin Feng in Dragon Q Hall encounters a tram problem".

Chinatown in Yokohama, where Tang Ren Qin Feng came, is the largest Chinatown in Japan and even in Asia. Jushuitang, where the case was filed, is a special scenic spot in Japan — — Bang left the palace to give gifts to the garden; The place where the Asian Detective League staged the trench coat is the famous business district Shinjuku; Accompanied by "Heal The World", the camera swept to Sensoji Temple, the oldest temple in Tokyo. There is also the speed and passion of go-karting in Wang Baoqiang and Haoran Liu, which is also a feature of the streets of Tokyo. Crowds of people with cartoon images such as Mario and Pikachu in cos drive go-karts through the city, which is very popular. Many sharp-eyed viewers found that it was the famous reasoning cartoonist Shu Linshen who played the manager of cos dress-up shop, and his sentence "Swear in the name of my grandfather" in the film came from his representative work "Jintianyi Juvenile Affairs Book", which made many reasoning fans shout "This linkage is very pleasant".

　

The movie Detective Chinatown 3 is showing. After understanding the above, go to the movies. I believe you will have more experience.

British ex-wife： The separation is temporary and will be with second time around, the son of bin Laden.

　　


　　


　　Jane Felix-Brown and Bin Laden’s son. (Source: China Daily website)


　　


　　Jane Felix Brown. (Source: China Daily website)


　　　　The news that Jane Felix Brown, a British woman, married her 27-year-old son, shocked the world, and the news that they divorced a few days ago was equally remarkable. However, just after it was announced that she had to divorce because of intimidation, Felix Brown, who had entered the marriage hall five times, said that bin Laden’s son had promised her that their separation was only temporary and that they would remarry in the future.


　　　　Based on the reports of the Daily Telegraph and The Scotsman on September 20th, Felix Brown said in an interview with the BBC that they would come together again. She said: "In my opinion, this marriage is not over, but there are many very, very serious problems threatening our lives and our freedom."


　　　　Felix Brown said: "We are deeply in love and very, very happy. We don’t want this divorce. This is contrary to Islam. In my opinion, this divorce will never be effective in the Islamic court. "


　　　　Felix Brown, 51, met Omar bin Laden, 27, in Egypt in September 2006 and got married in April this year.


　　　　When asked about their apparent lack of common interests, Felix Brown said: "We have a lot in common. We both love the desert and are extremely religious. We had a wonderful time. We keep talking, stay together 24 hours a day, never quarrel, never quarrel, no problem. "


　　　　She said that their marriage was welcomed and supported by Saudis, and the threat of forcing them to divorce came from other countries, not the Saudi government and the public, but she did not want to say who it was.　


　　　　The Sun, the largest circulation newspaper in Britain, disclosed on September 19th that Osama bin Laden’s 27-year-old son Omar had received several death threats after he married Felix Brown. Omar told The Sun on the 18th: "This marriage is now over. I don’t want a divorce, but there are many difficulties here that I can’t say. I like being with her, but we can’t resist the stormy waves that will drown us. " (Wang Hui)


　　


　　　　Brown’s riding style charmed Omar.


　　　


　　　　Although they want to divorce, both Brown and Omar claim that they are divorced because of love.


　　　　Short-lived marriage


　　　　● In September 2006 in Egypt, Omar saw Brown riding a horse near the Great Pyramid, and he had the idea of knowing her. They fell in love at first sight.


　　　　● In April 2007, Omar and Brown held weddings in Cairo and Saudi Arabia respectively.


　　　　● In July 2007, Brown tried to apply for a visa for Omar, hoping that Omar could go to Britain.


　　　　● In September 2007, Brown and Omar decided to divorce because they could not bear the death threat. (Information Times)


　　　　This sister-in-law relationship has never been optimistic


　　　　Information Times: It is reported that in July this year, after the news of Brown’s marriage with Omar was exposed, this marriage was not optimistic, because the couple had very little in common.


　　　Age and identity disparity


　　　　Brown is 24 years older than Omar, with three sons and five grandchildren. Brown is also a member of the famous parish council in Moreton, Cheshire, England, while Omar is only a metal scrap dealer in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.


　　　Omar’s wife gave an ultimatum


　　　　It is also reported that Omar lives with his second wife, a beautiful young Saudi woman. Although Omar said that his wife did not object to his marriage with Brown, it was reported that Omar’s wife was far from indifferent to her husband’s marriage to Brown, because she was dissatisfied with her husband’s empathy, and she had issued an ultimatum to her husband. If she did not leave Brown, she would wait for a divorce.


　　　A high profile, a low profile.


　　　　Besides, shortly after Brown disclosed the marriage to the media, Brown told the British media that she hoped to use the media’s attention to help achieve peace in the Middle East. But in fact, Omar doesn’t think so. He is "shocked and angry" at the endless reports of his marriage in the media.


　　　　The only advantage is fame.


　　　　Information Times: Since the marriage between Brown and Omar was exposed in July this year, the media hype about Brown’s personal experience has made her a well-deserved man of the hour, and it has also caused a lot of controversy.


　　 Speculation 1: cheating on her husband crazily.


　　　　It has been reported that Brown, who is separated from Omar, is having an affair with a divorced man in his hometown in England while talking about love and marriage with Omar on the phone. And she also used the name of bin Laden to threaten and frighten others. It is reported that Brown’s back and shoulders are also printed with tattoos of black widow spiders and cobwebs, nicknamed "Spider Woman".


　　　Speculation 2: I want to question bin Laden face to face


　　　　When asked what she would say when she met her father-in-law, Brown replied that if she could meet her husband’s father, she would like to ask Omar’s father whether he did the "9.11" incident and if so, why.


　　　Hype 3: It’s "artificial beauty"


　　　　It is reported that Brown, who is graceful and charming, is an "artificial beauty" and has gone to Egypt for breast augmentation, hip lift, liposuction and face lift many times because the local fees are low.


　　　Speculation 4: selling your story at a high price


　　　　Since the marriage with bin Laden’s son was exposed, Brown has been interviewed by British and American media again and again. Of course, it will not be free. Brown even said bluntly, "If anyone can give me 10 million pounds, I will tell the whole story." Brown also revealed that she was a senior call girl.

Editor: xu wen hua

Three Action Assumptions for Cities to Realize ＂Double Carbon＂

The "double carbon" strategic goal of "carbon dioxide emissions should reach the peak before 2030 and strive to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060" is not only China’s solemn commitment, but also an extensive and profound systematic economic and social change. For this reason, energy, industry, transportation, housing and urban and rural construction have pressed the "acceleration button" of "carbon reduction and decarbonization". The city, which integrates the above fields, is the main body to implement the strategic goal of "double carbon" and puts forward new challenges and requirements for the corresponding planning. Under the strategic goal of "double carbon", urban planning needs to refine the timetable and road map for achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality in urban space, and formulate action plans to guide peak carbon dioxide emissions goals and carbon reduction paths in various fields. Therefore, according to the characteristics of different stages, three types of actions can be carried out in a targeted manner.

Building space energy efficiency improvement action: promoting peak carbon dioxide emissions as soon as possible

At present, countries, provinces and cities are stepping up the formulation of peak carbon dioxide emissions time and peak total, and at the same time adopting carbon emission quota control. The first performance cycle of the power generation industry in the national carbon market was officially launched at the beginning of this year. It is foreseeable that various industries and cities will gradually implement carbon emission quota control and bring it into the unified carbon trading market. Under the guidance of the market, in order to avoid the cost of exceeding the quota, the energy and industrial sectors will take the initiative to reduce production capacity, improve energy efficiency or implement clean energy substitution actions. On the premise of balancing development and emission reduction, improving the energy efficiency of built-up space is a feasible way for most cities to realize peak carbon dioxide emissions as soon as possible. The overall energy efficiency improvement of the built-up space will cover energy, industry, transportation, housing and urban and rural construction, and the measures include clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy, energy-saving technological transformation of industrial enterprises, recycling of industrial products, and energy-saving oriented building transformation. In addition to improving the energy efficiency of the existing "high carbon" stock space, the "high carbon" incremental space will be strictly controlled. For example, the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Eco-environmental Sources of Construction Projects with High Energy Consumption and High Emissions issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment proposes to incorporate carbon emission impact assessment into the environmental impact assessment system. Therefore, the improvement of space energy efficiency and strict control of "high carbon" incremental space will become the key actions for cities to get rid of the "high carbon lock-in" effect and realize peak carbon dioxide emissions as soon as possible.

"Zero-carbon" Urban Renewal Action: Helping Rapid Emission Reduction

"Zero-carbon" urban renewal is the "ultimate version" of green urban renewal. Compared with the concepts of "low carbon" and "near zero carbon emission", "zero carbon" takes communities, parks, etc. as carbon emission boundaries more clearly, and realizes zero net carbon emission in the whole life cycle. The "clean renewal" of energy infrastructure is the top priority. As far as energy production is concerned, renewable energy units, peak shaving units and energy storage facilities will be developed on a large scale; As far as the transmission end is concerned, in addition to the "large power grid" with centralized production and long-distance transmission across regions, microgrids with distributed production and local consumption will be built in areas with concentrated loads, and a distributed clean energy facility network covering communities and parks will be built through urban renewal; As far as the user side is concerned, the terminals in the fields of industry, transportation, construction, etc. are electrified and upgraded, leaving an interface for full access to clean energy. Under the pressure of emission reduction targets, new buildings in the city will be built and operated in a "zero-carbon" mode, and "high-carbon" behaviors such as excessive construction and large-scale demolition and construction will be put an end to. The zero-carbon transformation of built-up space will become the main task, and the city will promote the pilot projects of zero-carbon communities, zero-carbon parks and zero-carbon buildings to achieve overall emission reduction from point to area. Fossil energy-related facilities (such as coal mines, oil fields, thermal power plants, oil pipelines, etc.) will be abandoned. The "zero-carbon" urban renewal action can realize the transformation from "high carbon to zero carbon" and "carbon emission to carbon sink" by closing out coal mines, oil fields and other spaces, implementing ecological reclamation and building renewable energy facilities such as wind, light and electricity.

In the "zero-carbon" urban renewal, cities in the western region will face greater opportunities and risks. On the one hand, the opportunity lies in the abundant renewable resources and lower cost of renewable energy in the western region, on the other hand, the western region has good fossil energy endowment and good mining conditions, and will assume the role of "ballast stone" of fossil energy in the future, ensuring the raw material attributes and strategic security attributes of fossil energy. The risk is that the high-carbon locking effect of cities in the western region is stronger, which may lead to the time lag or high peak in peak carbon dioxide emissions, thus missing the opportunity of renewable energy industry reform and going further and further on the "old energy" track.

Urban carbon sink enhancement action: achieving comprehensive neutralization

The "zero-carbon" urban renewal action realizes the overall emission reduction of the city from point to area, but the fossil energy consumption that ensures strategic security cannot be completely replaced. This part of carbon emission needs the support of the urban carbon sink enhancement action and the application of new technologies (carbon capture, carbon storage, etc.), so as to achieve comprehensive neutralization. The National Forest Management Plan (2016-2050) proposes that in 2050, the national forest coverage rate will be stable at more than 26%, and the forest stock will reach more than 23 billion cubic meters, which is close to the maximum potential of China’s forest coverage rate estimated by relevant state departments and may reach about 28%, corresponding to the forest stock of about 28.5 billion cubic meters.

Therefore, the urban carbon sink enhancement action should achieve "both quantity and quality", and promote the ecological restoration project oriented to improve carbon sink efficiency on the premise of continuously increasing the ecological carbon sink area. For example, cultivate tree species with strong carbon fixation ability, optimize the structure of urban forest land, and increase the proportion of forest land in the growing period. Compared with "green carbon", urban carbon sink enhancement actions should focus on the "blue carbon" space with greater carbon sequestration potential, protect important marine carbon sink resources such as mangroves, seagrass beds and coastal salt marsh wetlands, expand "carbon sink+"projects such as carbon sink fisheries and carbon sink farming, and enhance the level of urban carbon sink from the "blue-green double carbon" dimension.

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Chen kai

Urban planner, now working in the third planning office of China Planning Institute (Beijing) Planning and Design Co., Ltd. His research interests are land and space planning, eco-city, low-carbon city, etc. The research results have been shared and quoted by EU Green Week partner activities.

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Hu Jiyuan

Senior city planner, now working in the third planning office of China Planning Institute (Beijing) Planning and Design Co., Ltd., chief engineer. He has been engaged in strategic planning, urban master planning, land spatial planning and other research work for a long time, and participated in the drafting of provincial land spatial planning guidelines and land spatial planning management measures in the reform of land spatial planning.

Suspected to be related to the former American special forces？ Ghosn’s escape continued to ferment.

　　CCTV News:The details of Ghosn, the former chairman of Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., who escaped under heavy supervision gradually became clear, and the multi-interest game involved in Ghosn’s case also surfaced, and the subsequent impact of his escape is still fermenting.

　　Japan Broadcasting Association: The suspected escape is related to the former US special forces.

　　Ghosn, the former chairman of Nissan Motor Co., was forbidden to travel overseas on bail, but he secretly left Japan and arrived in Lebanon via Turkey on the grounds of evading unfair justice. According to the article, there are two men with American passports on the passenger list of Ghosn’s private jet going abroad, and one of them has the same name as a US special soldier who participated in the rescue of an American journalist kidnapped in Afghanistan in 2009. This seems to indicate that Ghosn’s escape plan involves former members of the US Special Forces.

　　Deutsche Welle: Ghosn illegally used a Turkish plane to escape.

　　Ghosn illegally used a charter flight to Turkey to escape from Japan, and then forged lease records with the assistance of airline employees and fled to Lebanon by plane. MNG, a Turkish private jet operator, announced that an employee had admitted to forging lease records to help Ghosn escape. The company stressed that this incident was personally committed by the employee. The company just rented the plane to two seemingly unrelated customers according to the normal process, and Ghosn’s name did not appear in the lease document from beginning to end. After learning that Ghosn illegally rented the plane, MNG Company was conducting an internal investigation and filed a criminal lawsuit.

　　The New York Times, USA: Lebanon faces an embarrassing situation.

　　Serhan, Minister of Justice of the caretaker government in Lebanon, said that the Lebanese authorities did not immediately respond to the red wanted order issued by Interpol to Ghosn, because Lebanese officials needed to study whether Ghosn needed to be summoned, questioned or detained according to the red wanted order, and to study the charges against Ghosn one by one. At present, Lebanon is in an embarrassing situation. Although there is no extradition agreement between Lebanon and Japan, Japan provides Lebanon with millions of dollars every year to resettle Syrian refugees. In addition, some Lebanese firmly believe that Ghosn is sheltered by high-ranking government figures, which greatly aggravates the sense of injustice and encourages anti-government protests.

　　British "Guardian": The follow-up has a wide impact

　　According to the article, Ghosn fled after being arrested, which seriously damaged his reputation; Japan’s judicial department was criticized for arresting Ghosn, and now it is even more questioned because Ghosn fled. It is speculated that Japan will ask Lebanon to extradite Ghosn, but it is not known whether Lebanon will agree to extradition. The commentary believes that the Ghosn case not only exposes the defects of Japan’s judicial system, but also involves complex foreign affairs. From this point of view, the subsequent impact of Ghosn’s arrest and escape will be multi-faceted.

Which sex suffered more in the earthquake？ Pay attention to gender injustice in natural disasters

Sichuan and Xinjiang have been hit by earthquakes, and "blessing" and forwarding "common sense of escape" have become the key words in many people’s circle of friends. But have you thought about it? Disasters caused by environment, climate and nature are not gender-neutral.

United Nations data show that in natural disasters, the mortality rate of women is four times that of men.

In the 2004 tsunami in Southeast Asia, women accounted for 80% of the deaths, much higher than men.

As of August, 2008, the data on the "platform for finding relatives in Wenchuan earthquake" showed that the proportion of women killed in Wenchuan earthquake accounted for 51.2% of the total number of victims.

At the "Beijing +20" Asia-Pacific NGO Forum held in Bangkok in 2014, an interesting picture about the super typhoon Haiyan in 2013 was displayed in the publicity area on the first day of the opening: among the total 13.25 million people affected by the disaster, there were 230,000 pregnant and 156,000 lactating women, 320,174,886 women of childbearing age and 65,000 people aged 15-49.

An Interpretation of Typhoon Haiyan from the Perspective of Gender

Perhaps few people pay attention to the influence of environment on different sexes, but various facts tell us that even if women live in the same land and experience the same wind, frost, rain and snow, the negative impact of environment, disasters and climate change is unfair and more serious.

The reasons for this result are not only the physiological ones that we usually understand easily: women’s physique is not as strong as men’s, their ability to fight is weaker, their escape speed is slower, etc., but also the social causes that everyone and the builders of public resources should pay attention to.

A female victim was at the scene of the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. Image source: Iron Blood Community

Earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, mudslides … People usually think that everyone is equal before natural disasters. But this is not the case. Why did this happen? There are many reasons. First, the physical differences between men and women. Compared with men, women have weak physical strength and poor escape ability; Second, many women, as mothers, first think of saving their children when a disaster occurs, and delay their escape; Third, many women can’t swim, because the culture doesn’t encourage girls to learn to swim, and they think it’s indecent to play in the water like that. Fourthly, when some women escape, they need to put on suitable clothes before going out, which wastes precious time; There are also women with low education level and lack of knowledge of risk avoidance and disaster prevention.

It can be seen that among these factors, only a few are related to women’s physical and physiological differences, while most of them come from social factors-women’s education level, their family role, social and cultural norms for women, etc.

The damage and loss caused by disasters depend not only on the degree of natural disasters, but also on the vulnerability of communities and people affected by disasters. For women, because of their physical vulnerability, they face greater dangers and injuries than men, and the gender discrimination and norms that women face, that is, social vulnerability-such as girls’ lack of educational opportunities, low economic status, lack of political participation and decision-making power-make them face more challenges than men in coping with and preventing disasters and post-disaster reconstruction.

-Cai Yiping’s Gender Issues in Disaster Prevention and Mitigation.

Photo: Wenchuan earthquake survivors return to Beichuan after 4 years.

The division of roles and social norms make women more trapped in "home"

Because of the social stereotype of "men are the masters outside and women are the masters inside", women are more likely to stay at home and take care of housework, and even if they go out to work, they are mostly engaged in indoor work. This makes the vast majority of people who are easy to escape outdoors when disasters such as earthquakes occur during the day are men, while women are more likely to be trapped indoors. In addition, if disasters such as fires, earthquakes and mudslides occur at night, women usually move slowly because of social requirements (they can’t be "naked"), delaying their escape time.

Lack of escape skills and resources

Even if it seems that the gender difference is caused by physiological reasons, there may be social causes worthy of reflection behind it. We always think that women are physically weak, run slowly and bear poor weight. In fact, this is also the result of teaching: girls are required to play with dolls and behave gracefully when they are young, while boys are encouraged to bounce and carry heavy objects … When disasters come, women naturally lack sports experience to save themselves. In addition, generally speaking, especially in underdeveloped areas, women’s educational level is lower than that of men, which makes it more difficult for them to receive disaster prevention information in time and effectively.

Image source: Netease woman "Gender injustice is the" culprit "of women’s high casualty rate in natural disasters"

The result of gender discrimination caused by "boy preference"

I believe many people still remember the plot in the movie Tangshan Earthquake. Facing a pair of children, the mother finally chose to give up her daughter. This tragedy that may make people regret for life may be a cruel reality. No matter during or after the disaster, people in areas affected by the patriarchal culture are more inclined to give boys more chances of survival and rescue resources.

Stills of Tangshan Earthquake

Gender blind spot in post-disaster resource allocation

After narrowly escaping from the scene of natural disasters, the impact of gender injustice is still not over. Food, water, medical care and material conditions in post-disaster relief are limited, and rescuers are usually gender blind. Due to the above reasons, the proportion of women allocated to these resources is seriously insufficient, and the family is usually dominated by men, who decides who will receive and distribute the materials.

In addition, the materials targeted at women are seriously inadequate in most disaster relief, such as sanitary napkins, pregnant women’s products, milk powder or alternative baby food (disasters often cause lactation disorders for lactating women), gynecological diseases drugs and so on. People usually think that "there is no energy to talk about anything else if you don’t have enough to eat", but they ignore that perhaps these necessary resources are as necessary for women as eating and the key to ensuring their health through disasters.

The pictures of service points after the Yingjiang earthquake in Yunnan in 2014 came from the Internet.

In addition, the probability of women being attacked by human beings in natural disasters may also increase than usual, such as being robbed of money and encountering physical and sexual violence.

Due to the unequal social structure, women usually occupy less resources, including social, economic and natural resources. Therefore, in the face of even equal losses, women should be more vulnerable. This is not only reflected in areas dominated by agricultural production, but also in cities. Taking the smog in China as an example, the third survey on the status of women in China showed that the income of urban women in 2010 was only 67.3% of that of men. Then, just buying a mask at the same price is much easier for men as a whole than for women at the consumption level.

The assessment and rescue of women affected by climate change and disasters by the state and disaster response agencies is far from enough. More consideration on how to involve women in the use and distribution of disaster relief resources and how to establish targeted relief for women is only the starting point to make up for the more serious actual losses of women caused by structural gender inequality.

And when each of us can take a step further, think about those women and girls who may encounter great difficulties. Are their tragedies really just caused by misfortune? Is it possible for us to change the so-called "nature" by changing the human society we live in?

(This article is reproduced by The Paper under the authorization of genderinchina, the WeChat account of "Voice of Feminism". )