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　　Investment of R&D funds from 1953 to 2017

　　Sharp tools make good work. Investment in science and technology is the necessary condition and basic guarantee for scientific and technological progress. Since the founding of New China 70 years ago, China has gradually established a national science and technology investment system that adapts to the characteristics of the socialist market economy system.

　　"The continuous improvement of the national science and technology investment system and the sustained and rapid growth of research and development (R&D) funds have stimulated the vitality of scientific and technological innovation in the whole society and strongly supported the country’s scientific and technological progress and rapid and stable economic and social development." Zhu Yingchun, deputy director of the Institute of Science and Technology Statistics and Analysis of the China Academy of Science and Technology Development Strategy, said in an interview with the Science and Technology Daily reporter.

　　A historic breakthrough was achieved in the scale and intensity of R&D funds.

　　The R&D expenditure of the whole society is an important component of the national (regional) investment in science and technology, an important indicator to measure the national (regional) investment in science and technology, and an important indicator to observe and analyze the national (regional) scientific and technological development strength and competitiveness.

　　Since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, with the promulgation and implementation of various national economic policies and science and technology policies and the enhancement of the country’s comprehensive national strength, the investment in science and technology in the whole society has increased rapidly, and the scale and intensity of R&D funds have achieved a historic breakthrough.

　　Data from the National Bureau of Statistics show that in 2018, China’s R&D expenditure reached 1,967.79 billion yuan, 123 times that of 1991, from 1991— In 2018, the average annual growth rate was 19.5%, far exceeding the average annual growth rate of GDP at current prices in the same period.

　　At the same time, the investment intensity of R&D funds has hit record highs, reaching 2% for the first time in 2013 and 2.19% in 2018, exceeding the average level of the 15 EU countries. According to the exchange rate, China has become the second largest R&D investment country in the world after the United States, providing a strong financial guarantee for the development of science and technology.

　　China’s national financial expenditure on science and technology increased from 60 million yuan in 1953 to 951.82 billion yuan in 2018. 2005— In 2010, the national fiscal expenditure on science and technology grew fastest, with an average annual growth rate of more than 20%. In 2011, the growth rate began to decline, and in 2018, it increased by 13.5% over the previous year, setting a record high since 2013.

　　"The national financial expenditure on science and technology has played a key role in driving the whole society’s R&D investment and leading the national strategic orientation, providing a strong guarantee for scientific and technological innovation." Zhu Yingchun pointed out.

　　In Zhu Yingchun’s view, the investment in science and technology has increased rapidly, and the scale and intensity of R&D funds have achieved a historic breakthrough, which is in line with the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006— The promulgation and implementation of "2020)", especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, various departments and localities have taken active measures, and the whole society has formed a consensus on attaching importance to and supporting innovation.

　　From different regions, the performance of scientific and technological investment in some places is eye-catching. In 2017, the fiscal expenditure on science and technology in seven regions including Guangdong, Jiangsu and Shanghai exceeded 20 billion yuan. The local fiscal expenditure on science and technology in 11 provinces (cities) accounted for more than 2% of the local fiscal expenditure, and Guangdong, Shanghai and Beijing all exceeded 5%.

　　It is worth mentioning that in 2018, the number of regions with R&D investment intensity greater than 2% increased to 11, among which the R&D investment intensity in Beijing reached a record high of 6.17%.

　　Enterprises become the main force supporting the growth of R&D investment.

　　Since the reform and opening up, China has actively guided other social capitals to increase their support for innovation through direct and indirect financial investment. Enterprise funds have gradually become an important source of funds for the whole society to invest in R&D funds.

　　"In recent years, the source structure of R&D funds has been further optimized, and the dominant position of enterprise innovation has been further highlighted. The proportion of corporate funds in R&D funds increased from 60.1% in 2003 to 76.5% in 2017. " Zhu Yingchun believes that this is mainly due to the improvement and implementation of the R&D expenses plus deduction policy, the tax relief policy for high-tech enterprises and the accelerated depreciation policy for fixed assets, which greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of enterprises for R&D activities. As the main body of technological innovation, enterprises have become the main force supporting the growth of R&D investment in China in recent years.

　　Enterprises are not only the main body of investment in R&D funds, but also the main body of implementation. From the perspective of expenditure structure, the proportion of R&D expenditure of Chinese enterprises in the total social R&D expenditure has increased from about 60.0% in 2000 to 77.4% in 2018.

　　According to statistics, in 2017, the number of enterprises enjoying R&D expenses plus tax reduction and exemption for industries above designated size and tax reduction and exemption for high-tech enterprises reached 24,400 and 24,200 respectively, 3.3 times and 3.5 times that of 2009 respectively, and the amount of tax reduction and exemption reached 57 billion yuan and 106.2 billion yuan respectively, which played a positive role in encouraging and guiding enterprises to carry out R&D activities.

　　In 2018, the basic research funds broke through the 100 billion yuan mark for the first time.

　　Data from the Statistical Bulletin of National Science and Technology Investment in 2018 (hereinafter referred to as the Bulletin) show that in 2018, China invested a total of 1,967.79 billion yuan in R&D, an increase of 207.18 billion yuan or 11.8% over the previous year. Among them, the basic research funds exceeded 100 billion yuan for the first time, reaching 109.04 billion yuan, keeping pace with the investment in research and development.

　　Li Yin, a statistician of the Department of Social Sciences and Literature of the National Bureau of Statistics, explained that the funds for basic research exceeded 100 billion yuan, and all three subjects achieved rapid growth. The funds for basic research in institutions of higher learning, government-owned research institutions and enterprises were 58.99 billion yuan, 42.31 billion yuan and 3.35 billion yuan respectively, up by 11.1%, 10.1% and 15.7% respectively over the previous year. Among them, colleges and universities contribute 51.1% to the growth of basic research funds in the whole society, and they are the main bodies to carry out basic research.

　　According to Lv Wei, a researcher in the Innovation and Development Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, the investment in basic research in China has been increasing continuously in recent years, which is not only related to the state’s attention, but also an inevitable requirement for the development of technological innovation capability to the stage of "three runs coexist". The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that we should aim at the forefront of world science and technology, strengthen basic research, and achieve a major breakthrough in forward-looking basic research and leading original achievements.

　　Over the past 70 years, China has made remarkable progress in science and technology investment. "However, it should still be noted that compared with the goal of deepening the supply-side structural reform and building a world science and technology power, the investment intensity of R&D funds in China needs to be rapidly improved." Zhu Yingchun pointed out.

　　Judging from the cumulative investment, there is still a big gap between the total investment of R&D funds in China and the United States and Japan since 1991. Science and technology investment has a strong cyclical accumulation effect, and the appearance of scientific and technological innovation effect depends on long-term investment and continuous accumulation. When the innovation ability changes from "tracking, paralleling and leading" to "paralleling" and "leading", it still needs the support of a lot of scientific and technological investment to achieve key core technological breakthroughs.

　　At the same time, problems such as unbalanced investment structure of R&D funds have yet to be solved. For example, the single source of funds for basic research. The proportion of basic research funds in China has been around 5% for a long time, which is lower than 15% in developed countries & mdash; The general level of 20%; Basic research is highly dependent on the central financial input, and local and enterprises have insufficient investment in basic research.

　　In this regard, Zhu Yingchun suggested that in the future, we should speed up the construction of a diversified investment system, strengthen the comprehensive design of fiscal, taxation, financial and other policies, form an organic policy system, and further guide venture capital, charitable donations, and universities’ own funds to invest in R&D activities. (Reporter Tang Ting)

CCTV News:When Shenzhou-12 finished its mission, it didn’t take much effort for Liu Boming to turn the handle to open the hatch. However, when Chinese astronauts completed the Shenzhou VII mission, it took a lot of effort to open the hatch. At that time, Liu Boming assisted Zhai Zhigang to get out of the cabin, but when he got out of the cabin that year, due to the pressure difference inside and outside the cabin, Zhai Zhigang could not open the hatch with great efforts. Later, in an interview, the Shenzhou VII flight crew described the situation at that time and their countermeasures.

On the afternoon of September 27th, 2008, when the eyes of the whole world were focused on China astronauts Zhai Zhigang and Liu Boming, an accident happened.

Liu Boming:I think Zhigang tried his best to pull the hatch. At that time, the hatch didn’t move at all. I feel very strange. Why can’t the hatch be pulled open when the ground is easy to do?

Zhai Zhigang:In the process of opening the door, I didn’t think that the force needed to open the door was so great at first, and I didn’t even think that the door would not be opened in the sky. Moreover, in the process of opening the door, I didn’t think that the door might be opened with great force, so I opened the door in a normal state throughout the process.

Liu Boming:At this time, it was very urgent to hear Zhigang’s breathing, because he consumed a lot of physical strength.

Zhai Zhigang:Finally, when my strength ran out and the door didn’t open, I found that I couldn’t open the door of Shenzhou VII air pressure cabin by my own strength.

Liu Boming:I went over and wanted two people to grab the handrail and pull the hatch at the same time, but the gloves were too big for two people to grab at the same time, so I had to put my hands around his right arm because he held the bulkhead with his left hand and pulled the hatch with his right hand. So it was the two of us at that time, and we almost pulled the hatch down with all our strength. The hatch was opened at an angle of 20 degrees. At this time, I felt the suction was particularly large. I felt that I was dragging the two of us up and the hatch was closed again.

Zhai Zhigang:This is a little anxious. If the door can’t be opened, then I will definitely not get out. If I can’t get out, the mission of Shenzhou VII will not be completed.

Liu Boming:At this time, it has flown into our measurement and control area, and the node for leaving the cabin has arrived, leaving us with little time.

Zhai Zhigang:In order to get out of the cabin, we have to pay too much, and we can’t open the hatch at the most critical time, so everything in front of the training is zero.

Liu Boming:In this case, I made up my mind, found the metal crowbar from the cabin and handed it to Zhigang, and then opened the hatch. At this time, the airflow instantly flowed out and the hatch naturally opened.

Zhai Zhigang:When the cabin door was pried open with an auxiliary tool, it was like opening a small window in an instant. At that time, an imaginary idiom was called be elated.

Zhai Zhigang:I’m out of the cabin and feel good!

Jing Haipeng:Liu Boming handed Zhai Zhigang the five-star red flag.

Zhai Zhigang:After Boming handed out the national flag, I didn’t think about anything else, so I showed it first.

Liu Boming:The five-star red flag is flying high in space, which proves that we have come to space.

This episode of Shenzhou VII did not appear in the extravehicular mission yesterday (July 4th). A booster handle on the Shenzhou 12 hatch makes it easier and smoother for astronauts to open the hatch. From this small power-assisted handle, we can see that our astronauts’ experience in getting out of the cabin is constantly accumulating, and the equipment used is also constantly improving. According to the plan, there will be another extravehicular activity during the Shenzhou-12 mission. We also wish the astronauts all the best in their work and life in space.

　　During the two sessions of the National People’s Congress this year, cultural self-confidence once again became the focus of hot discussion. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that cultural self-confidence is a more basic, deeper and more lasting force in the development of a country and a nation. Without a high degree of cultural self-confidence and cultural prosperity, there would be no great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In the new era, China’s cultural construction has ushered in new opportunities for development, which should lead to the prosperity of socialist literature and art and the development of cultural undertakings and industries. We should tell the story of China well, improve the national cultural soft power and enhance the world influence of Chinese culture.

　　Carry forward Chinese excellent traditional culture and strengthen cultural self-confidence

　　The 2018 government work report suggests that the people’s sense of gain, happiness and security should be continuously improved. The report puts forward that it is necessary to carry forward Chinese excellent traditional culture, inherit revolutionary culture, develop advanced socialist culture and cultivate and practice socialist core values. Strengthen ideological and moral construction and create mass spiritual civilization. Accelerate the construction of philosophy and social sciences with China characteristics, prosper literary and artistic creation, and develop news publishing, radio, film and television, archives and other undertakings. Strengthen the protection and utilization of cultural relics and the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage. Build a new type of think tank. Strengthen the construction of Internet content. In-depth implementation of the project of benefiting the people through culture and cultivation of new cultural formats. Deepen cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.

　　China’s cultural self-confidence stems from the excellent traditional Chinese culture nurtured by the Chinese nation’s 5,000-year history of civilization. During the National People’s Congress and the National People’s Congress, many deputies suggested that we must vigorously carry forward China’s excellent traditional culture, speed up the construction of a modern public cultural service system, and strive to provide rich spiritual food for the people to live a better life.

　　"The values of Chinese culture have become the most basic cultural gene of the Chinese nation. We talk about cultural self-confidence, mainly the confidence of values. " Chen Lai, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and professor of philosophy department of Tsinghua University Humanities College, believes that one of our important tasks today is to vigorously inherit and develop Chinese excellent culture, strengthen cultural self-confidence and undertake the historical mission of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　In the view of Jia Pingwa, a representative of the National People’s Congress and a writer, the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, such as literary classics and historical sites all over the country, all reflect our cultural confidence. He said that to strengthen cultural self-confidence, we must learn and inherit excellent traditional culture and literary classics. He admits that in recent years, advocacy and initiatives such as reading by the whole people and restoring traditional culture are conducive to understanding, understanding and strengthening cultural self-confidence.

　　Liao Huage, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chairman of Nanyang Federation of Literary and Art Circles in Henan Province, believes that strengthening cultural self-confidence must start with teenagers. Young people are the pillars of the country’s future development. It is suggested that we should increase the intensity and scope of excellent traditional culture education from kindergarten to primary schools, middle schools and universities, so that young people can "remember to dig wells while enjoying the cool, and not forget to plant trees", so that they can learn nutrition from excellent traditional culture, find motivation, discover the beauty of Chinese culture, root their cultural confidence in their hearts, and be subtly affected, thus rallying a powerful force for building a great Chinese dream.

　　Deepen cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries and tell the story of China well.

　　Practicing cultural self-confidence requires us to tell the story of China well, spread the voice of China well, let Chinese culture go global, and promote cultural exchanges and mutual learning between China and foreign countries. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that in the new era, China will actively promote the "Belt and Road" international cooperation, strengthen cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, promote international communication capacity building, tell the story of China well, show a true, three-dimensional and comprehensive China, and improve the country’s cultural soft power.

　　The Opinions on Strengthening and Improving Humanities Exchanges between China and Foreign Countries issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council proposes to strengthen the comprehensive communication capacity building of humanities exchanges between China and foreign countries, promote the joint production, joint interview and cooperative publication of Chinese and foreign radio, film and television, publishing institutions and news media, promote the mutual broadcast and exchange of Chinese and foreign film and television programs, implement special exchange projects and plans in the fields of books, films and television, and cultural performances, and enrich the literary and artistic contents and carriers of humanities exchanges; Make "People-to-People Exchange in internet plus" bigger and stronger, and realize the mutual complement and benign interaction between the entity and the virtual exchange platform. By enriching the forms of media communication and building all-media and cultural communication institutions with international influence, we can tell the story of China well, spread the voice of China, explain the road of China, and enhance the closeness of China’s cultural image.

　　Wang Shucheng, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and editor-in-chief of the overseas edition of People’s Daily, believes that telling the world the story of China in the new era is to promote the excellent Chinese culture in a moist and silent way, so that cultural integration can become a bridge for the community of human destiny. China’s culture is extensive and profound, and many ideas reflect the common value pursuit of human civilization. It is necessary to further enhance cultural self-confidence, and tell the story of China carefully by broadening horizons, expanding channels and integrating resources, so that Chinese and foreign cultures can realize benign interaction in exchanges and mutual learning; By further improving the level of creativity, China cultural symbols can be transformed into world-famous cultural products and ideas, and the world can perceive China and understand China through culture, thus effectively improving China’s cultural soft power.

　　"To spread the voice of China to the world and tell the story of China well, we need to study and choose the most effective communication strategy. It is necessary to understand each other’s historical traditions, cultural psychology and information acceptance habits. " An Laishun, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and vice chairman of the International Association of Museums, believes that today, China culture has taken a decisive step to go abroad. What needs to be further strengthened is to let China culture really go in, enter each other’s hearts, resonate emotionally, and let people of all countries truly and naturally realize that Chinese culture is an excellent culture with eternal charm across time and space.

　　Wu Hongliang, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and vice president of Beijing Painting Academy, said that telling the story of China well requires innovation in ways and means. He suggested that in the process of foreign cultural exchange, we can fully tap the international art collections and talent resources, and make use of the existing conditions in other countries to complete the exhibition, research and dissemination of China art locally. The result is low cost, quick effect, great influence and deep integration, which can improve China’s cultural soft power with half the effort and provide new ideas for promoting the international communication ability of China traditional culture.

　　China Cultural Exchange Network: Actively Building a National Cultural Soft Power Communication Platform

　　China Cultural Exchange Network, a comprehensive, public-welfare and cultural information website under the academic guidance of China Institute of Economic Reform and Development of Renmin University of China and Guosheng Think Tank, takes "promoting traditional culture and serving China in the future" as its purpose, actively implements "Several Opinions on Strengthening and Improving People-to-People Exchanges between China and Foreign Countries", earnestly strengthens the construction of communication capacity, and is committed to building an Internet cultural exchange platform and a national cultural soft power communication platform.

　　China Cultural Exchange Network integrates the Internet, mobile terminals, WeChat, Weibo, video, newspapers and other media platforms, and is forming a multi-level communication mode such as graphics, text, audio and video. The website has carried out strategic cooperation with domestic authoritative academic institutions, book publishing, film and television production, intangible cultural heritage protection, tourism, big data, industrial parks and other industrial entities, forming a systematic independent intellectual property right of "culture+",which has demonstrated China’s cultural soft power and cultural self-confidence in external communication. In September 2017, China Cultural Exchange Network was awarded the "Computer Software Copyright Registration Certificate" by the National Copyright Administration of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (registration number: 2017SR541515). It has successively obtained the trademark right granted by the State Trademark Office (registration number: 13524174), the copyright registration certificate issued by the State Copyright Administration (Guo Zuo Deng Zi -2014-F-00156441), and won the "China Government Website Excellence Award in 2014 and 2015", and the innovative service platform of "internet plus Culture" in 2016, which was approved by Beijing Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Bureau.

　　The large-scale network digital platform of "Window of China Digital Expo Hall" established by the website’s independent innovation spreads Chinese excellent traditional culture through the whole media with the digital technology of "Silk Road Cloud" from five aspects: network art museum, network literature museum, network intangible cultural heritage museum, network photography museum and network academic center. Among them, the network academic center is a new network think tank platform launched by China Cultural Exchange Network to promote the integration and innovation of "media think tanks". At present, many famous experts and scholars such as Wang Yiwei, Zhao Lei, Chen Ping, Zhang Xuedong, Ke Yinbin, Yuan Li, Zhao Jianjun, Zhang Baotong and Lu Yintao have been launched, and their important viewpoints, academic achievements and social influence have been presented and displayed intensively.

　　China Cultural Exchange Network has long been concerned about the cultural communication and economic development of the "Belt and Road", and cooperated with the launch of large-scale special topics and special actions involving the "Belt and Road" cultural exchange, tourism, ecology, pension, health, intangible cultural heritage protection, Chinese medicine, film and television, logistics and other fields. The website launched a series of new media projects such as "Silk Road Meeting Room" and "Think Tank Meeting Room", and through the platform information channel of "internet plus", The Belt and Road Cultural Communication and Economic Development Forum, the Belt and Road Intangible Heritage Protection Special Action, the Belt and Road Forum for 100 People, the Silk Road Business Leaders (Xi ‘an) Summit, the montana International Forum, the Silk Road International Film Festival New Silk Road Youth Video Contest, the Belt and Road Friendship City Dialogue, and the Belt and Road (Weinan) were launched one after another. Henan Zhongyuan Aquatic Logistics Port and other large-scale topics, deeply interpret and promote the demonstration projects and sample projects in the field of "One Belt, One Road" cultural communication and economic development, and explore a new model of "One Belt, One Road" humanities exchange.China Cultural Exchange Network held the "Light of Civilization, Person of the Year in China Cultural Exchange" for five consecutive years, focusing on individuals and organizations that have made outstanding contributions to the promotion of the "Belt and Road" cultural communication and economic development and the mutual learning of Chinese culture and Chinese and foreign civilizations, and encouraging all sectors of society to participate in cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.

　　CHINA Cultural Exchange Network participated in the co-sponsored "CHINA in My Eyes" city brand publicity project, covering the "China in My Eyes" photo essay contest and many sub-activities such as China Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Guiyang, Dali, Quanzhou, Dalian, Zhengzhou, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong. The theme of "CHINA in My Eyes" is "Tell the story of China well and spread the voice of China well". Through images and words, it truly records and reflects the new normal in China’s cultural, economic and social fields, promotes people-to-people exchanges and shows the achievements and great progress of urban development. After several years of operation, it has become a large-scale publicity project to display the image of China and shape the city brand, and has made positive contributions to enhancing the country’s cultural soft power.