Report on the vitality of the Yangtze River ①: The health status of the Yangtze River basin presents regional differences.

On September 27th, on the day of World River Day, the press conference of "Taking the Pulse of the Yangtze River" and "Yangtze River Vitality Report 2020" (hereinafter referred to as "Report") co-sponsored by WWF and The Paper was held in Shanghai.

In this activity, WWF, together with the Institute of Hydrobiology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Nanjing Institute of Geography and Lakes of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Yangtze River Academy of Water Conservancy Commission, the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Education Department of Tongji University, the School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower of Wuhan University, and the Suzhou Institute of Environmental Innovation of Tsinghua, jointly released the Yangtze River Vitality Report 2020.

It is understood that WWF and the above eight research institutes started the project in 2018. The purpose is to provide a systematic and objective report on the health diagnosis of the Yangtze River, provide policy advice for strengthening the ecological environment protection of the Yangtze River basin and implementing the green development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, provide policy suggestions for the protection and management of the Yangtze River ecosystem, and stimulate and promote different stakeholders to actively participate in the Yangtze River protection.

Kyle Rambotti, Global Director-General of WWF, said in the preface that as the first complete basin-level index in the world, the Yangtze River Vitality Index is also an innovation, and its concept connotation and evaluation method are expected to be further promoted worldwide. After all, for the major rivers in the world, we can’t reverse the trend of freshwater ecosystem loss and biodiversity decline until we better understand their vitality.

As the core of the report, Kyle Rambotti said that a complete basin-level index in the world is the Yangtze River vitality index, which sorts out many indicators and selects representative, indicative, concise, traceable and sustainable indicators to comprehensively reflect the health status of the Yangtze River freshwater ecosystem from three dimensions: hydrology, water environment and water ecology. The main conclusion of the index evaluation is that the overall health status of the Yangtze River is B-, and it shows regional differences with human activities.

The Paper, as the strategic cooperation media of the project, sent reporters to interview the relevant experts of the research group on the hydrology, water environment and water ecology of the Yangtze River before the report was released, so as to comprehensively interpret the report on the vitality of the Yangtze River.

Hydrological article

Hydrological index should be considered comprehensively.

The report points out that as an important characteristic of freshwater ecosystem, the change of hydrological situation determines the water quality, habitat and biological life history process of rivers. At the same time, the amount of river sediment transport and the change of sediment erosion and deposition significantly affect the biogeochemical cycle, water quality, river-lake relationship and the development of estuary delta, which is of great significance to the function of river ecosystem. The indexes for evaluating hydrological situation in the report mainly include hydrological process indicators and connectivity indicators.

Jin Chen, the leader of the research group of the report and a professor at the School of Water Resources and Hydropower of Wuhan University, told The Paper that the hydrological index is mainly aimed at natural rivers, that is, compared with the era without large reservoirs (before 1980), the higher the index, the closer it is to the natural hydrological process.

He said that at present, the main stream and tributaries of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (except Chishui River) are not pure natural rivers. Therefore, the hydrological index is not high, which is mainly aimed at natural ecosystems such as fish. For densely populated China, it is necessary to build a reservoir. It cannot be simply said that a high hydrological index is better, and a low hydrological index is not good. "Both human beings and nature need water resources. The high or low hydrological index reflects the difference between human beings and nature in water resources distribution. It is necessary to comprehensively consider the needs of human development and nature protection and make rational distribution and regulation."

Global warming and the development of urban agglomeration affect the hydrological situation.

Besides being influenced by the connectivity between reservoirs and rivers and lakes, climate change also shapes the hydrological situation of the Yangtze River, which is mainly reflected in precipitation and flood events. Li Xin, a member of the research group and a doctor from the National University of Singapore, told The Paper that the report analyzed the impacts of ENSO (El Nio-Southern Oscillation, El Ni? o/La Ni? a and Southern Oscillation) events and global warming on the extreme precipitation index and hydrological core index by correlation analysis.

The results show that ENSO events have a significant impact on the extreme precipitation indexes in the source, upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin. Specifically, La Nina events in ENSO events will generally increase the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation in the source, upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin, which may lead to an increase in flood risk in the Yangtze River basin. Global warming has a significant impact on the index of extreme precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin, which will generally increase the intensity and frequency of annual precipitation and extreme precipitation events in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and may also increase the flood risk in the Yangtze River basin.

Li Xin also stressed that the impacts of global warming and ENSO events on hydrological core indexes in different water resources areas show spatial differences, which indicates that hydrological processes have complex responses to global climate change. He believes that "this requires us to further strengthen the impact assessment of climate change on the regional hydrological cycle process, and constantly improve the ability of the Yangtze River basin to scientifically respond to climate change under the background of" Great Protection of the Yangtze River ".

According to the analysis of the report, the rapid development of urban agglomerations in the middle reaches may lead to frequent floods and an increase in the average flow during the flood season. In this regard, Li Xin explained that "the urbanization process has turned many permeable surfaces into impermeable surfaces, resulting in reduced infiltration, increased surface runoff components and increased peak urban flood discharge".

Nature-based solutions may ease the flood control situation in the Yangtze River.

According to the above analysis of the two experts, it can be seen that climate change, land use and other factors all affect the hydrological situation of the Yangtze River, making the flood control situation in the Yangtze River basin more complicated. This summer, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River once again experienced the test of a big flood. How to alleviate the complicated and severe situation, the report proposes that the solution based on nature should be one of the important means in the future when necessary engineering measures are adopted. Jiang Luguang, one of the technical leaders of the research group and an associate researcher at the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, explained this scheme in detail.

The World Conservation Union (IUCN) defines "nature-based solution" (NBS) as "an action to efficiently and adaptively respond to social challenges and bring benefits to human welfare and biodiversity through the protection, sustainable management and restoration of natural or artificial ecosystems". Jiang Luguang believes that this is completely consistent with China’s ecological civilization concept of respecting nature, adapting to nature and protecting nature. He told The Paper that there are many concrete manifestations of nature-based solutions, such as ecological restoration, adaptive strategies of ecosystems, and green infrastructure.

Taking the flood situation of Poyang Lake in flood season this year as an example, Jiang Luguang introduced the function of "returning farmland to lake" project to adapt to the natural rhythm of the Yangtze River and promote the harmony between people and water. In the flood season of 2020, some hydrological stations in Poyang Lake experienced the highest flood level in history, and the project of returning farmland to Poyang Lake fully played the role of flood storage and detention for the first time. Returning farmland to lake dikes can store about 2 billion cubic meters of flood water, reducing the water level of the lake by 25-30 cm in flood season, and greatly alleviating the flood control pressure of key dikes (protecting towns or tens of thousands of acres of fertile land).

In addition, the ongoing sponge city construction is also a good "nature-based solution". Sponge city advocates giving priority to the use of natural drainage system and low-impact development facilities in urban development and construction to realize natural accumulation, natural infiltration, natural purification and sustainable water circulation of rainwater, which can not only make full use of the natural restoration ability of water ecosystem, but also be an important means to solve the problem of urban waterlogging. For the Yangtze River basin, sponge city can reduce the adverse effects of drastic changes in the underlying surface of the basin on the runoff and runoff.

Water environment chapter

The water environment index in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is low.

Freshwater ecosystem is the main receiving place of nutrients and organic matter exported by terrestrial ecosystem. The quality of water environment determines whether freshwater ecosystem can provide clean water resources, and nutritional status plays an important role in shaping biological composition and community structure in freshwater ecosystem. The water environment index of the Yangtze River vitality index is mainly aimed at evaluating the main pollutant indexes.

The report pointed out that the main pollutants affecting the water environment index include industrial wastewater, domestic sewage and agricultural cultivation. When calculating the water environment index, the main basis is the water quality index.

Xu Yanxue of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment explained this. "We selected the water quality monitoring sections of major rivers and lakes in the Yangtze River Basin, and calculated three indicators representing water nutrition and organic pollutants, namely ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and permanganate index, and obtained the water environment index of each region (main river reach, main tributaries, four lakes, etc.) and evaluated it. The higher the water environment index, the lighter the water pollution and the better the water quality; The lower the water environment index, the higher the water pollution and the worse the water quality.

Xu Yanxue told The Paper that, after calculation, the overall water environment quality of the Yangtze River basin is at the national middle-upper level. However, from the main stream of the Yangtze River, the water environment index in the middle and lower reaches is relatively low, which is B-.

"The social and economic development in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is rapid, with concentrated industrial enterprises and active production activities. The typical pollutants discharged into the environment by these enterprises are total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and organic matter. The permanganate index reflects the concentration of organic matter in water. Although each enterprise has relevant emission standards to limit the amount of pollutants entering the environment, the total amount of emissions will be relatively high. At the same time, the amount of pollutants produced by agriculture and life and the amount of pollutants brought in by the upper reaches of the Yangtze River will be superimposed, resulting in total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and permanganate in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

At present, the regulatory system can not accurately locate pollution sources.

According to the analysis of the report, the high concentration of pollutants will lead to the decrease of dissolved oxygen in the water body and affect the growth of aquatic organisms. At the same time, the high concentration of total phosphorus will affect the concentration of total phosphorus in the downstream lake water body, leading to the eutrophication of the lake. The Paper noted that the report made a separate analysis of the vitality indices of the four major lakes in the Yangtze River Basin, namely Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake, among which the water environment of the four lakes was the key point.

Taking Taihu Lake as an example, the report explains the water environment crisis faced by the lake and its solutions. Since the cyanobacteria crisis in Taihu Lake in 2007, the state and local governments have done a lot of work on pollutant emission reduction and lake pollution control, and achieved remarkable results, but they still failed to return to the concentration level of nutrient elements in the 1970s and 1980s. Under unfavorable meteorological conditions such as high fever and southeast wind, cyanobacteria still broke out in Taihu Lake in recent years, which still failed to change the nature of algal lakes.

The Paper interviewed Yang Hongwei, deputy chief engineer of Suzhou Institute of Environmental Innovation in Tsinghua, about why Taihu Lake has not achieved remarkable results so far. He first affirmed the governance direction of eutrophic lakes. He believes that from the international experience of lake eutrophication control, the management of eutrophic lakes is a long-term project, and the time scale of 10 years is not enough to fundamentally change the essence of lake eutrophication. Judging from the current measures and effects of water pollution control in Taihu Lake, we have achieved remarkable results, especially the concentration of total phosphorus and total nitrogen has decreased significantly, and the frequency and severity of cyanobacteria outbreaks have also decreased significantly, so there is no deviation in our control direction.

However, he also admitted that although there is no deviation in the direction of governance, the regulatory system still needs to develop towards precision. "The current monitoring system can’t meet the requirements of smaller-scale grid supervision, can’t accurately locate pollution sources, and it is difficult to achieve accurate pollution control. This is also a new requirement for the regulatory system in the next step of precise lake governance."

We should continue to pay attention to the types and toxicity of emerging pollutants in water.

The Paper noted that the report specifically mentioned the emerging pollutants in the Yangtze River. Yang Hongwei told The Paper that emerging pollutants generally refer to substances that have not been related to environmental management policies, regulations or emission control standards, but may be included in the control object according to the assessment of their detection frequency and potential health risks. These substances are not necessarily new chemicals, but usually pollutants that have been in the environment for a long time, but have been discovered in the near future because of their low concentration, their existence and potential harm and the development of detection technology.

At present, emerging pollutants detected in the water environment mainly include endocrine disruptors, drugs, personal care products and other trace organic pollutants. Usually, the detection concentration in the water environment is at the level of ng/L. At this concentration level, it generally does not have acute toxicity, and it mainly produces chronic toxicity to organisms in the Yangtze River and further to human body, which is not enough to achieve long-term toxic concentration. However, it has potential endocrine disrupting properties, teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, mutation and resistance gene changes and other chronic toxicity, so we should continue to pay attention to the types, concentrations, sources, migration and transformation, toxicity of emerging pollutants in water, so as to grasp the hazards of emerging pollutants in water in time and provide reference for the formulation of corresponding environmental management policies and regulations.

Water ecology article

The middle reaches of the Yangtze River are frequently disturbed by various human activities, and the water ecology is the worst.

The water ecological index mainly evaluates the richness, diversity, community structure and habitat of aquatic organisms in the main stream of the Yangtze River and four lakes (Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake). Water ecology is a "living" part of vitality, and its index directly reflects whether the Yangtze River still has vitality and how much vitality it has.

Chen Yushun, the technical director of the evaluation of the water ecological status of the main stream of the Yangtze River, a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the water ecology of the main stream of the Yangtze River is generally at the B- level. That is to say, on the whole, the water ecology of the Yangtze River has been at an unhealthy level, which shows that the Yangtze River is really ill. Among them, the water ecological index in the middle reaches is the worst.

It is embodied in the decrease of fish species, natural fishery catch and early fish resources. Chen Yushun said, "The number of fish species in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River has decreased by 36 from 97 in the past, the number of endemic fish species has decreased by 16 from 38 in the past, the number of threatened fish species has decreased by 11 from 16, the number of finless porpoises has decreased from 902 in the past to 193 now, the natural fishery catch has decreased from more than 400,000 tons in the past to 80,000 tons now, and the early fish resources have decreased from 6.7 billion in the past to 9 now.

Chen Yushun further explained this. "Due to the hydropower development in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and its tributaries, and the interference of human activities such as fishing, shipping, sand mining and industrial and agricultural development in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the middle reaches are greatly affected by the superposition. Such as the change of hydrological situation, the decrease of sediment, the utilization of beaches, the reproduction of aquatic organisms such as fish, the degradation and loss of key habitats for growth, and the serious lack of bait resources. Coupled with the direct and indirect effects of overfishing, the above indicators in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are very low, which in turn affects the comprehensive index of water ecology in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

In order to ensure the effect of fishing ban, ecological monitoring should be strengthened

According to Chen Yushun’s description, the biological resources of the Yangtze River are declining and the biodiversity is declining, so it is urgent to "ban fishing in the Yangtze River for ten years". In order to effectively alleviate this crisis, the state has issued a series of relevant documents and notices to make arrangements for a total ban on fishing.

On July 15, 2020, Yu Kangzhen, Vice Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, said at the policy briefing held by the State Council Office that on January 1 this year, 332 aquatic life reserves in the Yangtze River Basin had been completely banned on schedule, and the fishing ban in key waters in the Yangtze River Basin would be implemented for 10 years from January 1, 2021.

For the 10-year cycle, Chen Yushun explained to The Paper that 10 years is a relative value, and fish can complete a certain breeding cycle, which should also be a tentative period. During this period, most aquatic organisms can have a relatively long period of proliferation and population recovery. However, in these 10 years, it is also necessary to adjust other stress factors, carry out habitat restoration and restore biological resources at the same time.

In order to effectively monitor the effect of the ban on fishing, Chen Yushun suggested that the relevant departments should open up a green channel for scientific investigation when carrying out a comprehensive ban on fishing, so as to ensure the availability of scientific research vessels and the simplicity of handling fish fishing licenses. In this way, scientists and fishery resource managers can really work in the same direction to jointly promote the ecological protection of the Yangtze River.

The ecology of the four lakes in the Yangtze River is not optimistic as a whole.

According to the report, Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake are the four largest freshwater lakes in the Yangtze River Basin, among which Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake directly connect with the Yangtze River. These four shallow-water and fresh-water lakes play a huge ecosystem service function in terms of water regulation, material supply, providing biological habitat, maintaining biodiversity and keeping clean water sources, and play an extremely important role in protecting the water ecological health of the Yangtze River basin and maintaining the vitality of the Yangtze River.

Junfeng Gao, the technical director of the ecological assessment of Sihu Lake, a researcher and doctoral supervisor of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, told The Paper that according to the assessment results, the current water ecological indexes of Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake are B-, Taihu Lake is C- and Chaohu Lake is D. That is, the water ecological health of Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake is in an upper-middle state, Taihu Lake is in an upper-middle state, and Chaohu Lake is in a lower-middle state. On the whole, the water ecological state of the four lakes is not optimistic, and the problems in Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake are particularly serious.

Poyang Lake should be put in the first place in the differential treatment of the four lakes

As for how to harness the ecology of the Four Lakes, Junfeng Gao thinks that the protection and harness countermeasures are different because of the great differences in the natural geographical conditions, the influence degree of human activities and the water ecological problems faced by the Four Lakes.

He pointed out that the Dongting Lake basin should maintain the river-lake connectivity and the original hydrological rhythm of Tongjiang Lake, control the amount of pollutants entering the lake in the basin, strengthen the collection and treatment of urban domestic sewage, and control the agricultural non-point source pollution discharge. Poyang Lake basin should pay attention to the protection of biological species population and diversity, strengthen the protection of its habitat, and strictly supervise and manage nature reserves.

For Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake, where the problem is particularly serious, it is also necessary to treat them differently. Junfeng Gao said that the Taihu Lake Basin should strengthen pollutant discharge control, control the total phosphorus flux into the lake, and strengthen the prevention and control of cyanobacteria bloom in the lake water. Chaohu Lake Basin should control the pollution of Nanfeihe River, Shiwuli River and Paihe River, strengthen the construction of urban environmental infrastructure in Hefei, improve the sewage collection rate and strengthen the level of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Strengthen the prevention and control of cyanobacteria bloom in the lake area and establish a monitoring and early warning mechanism for cyanobacteria bloom in Chaohu Lake.

Among the four lakes, Junfeng Gao particularly emphasized the management of Poyang Lake. He said that Poyang Lake is the largest of the four lakes and is closely related to the main stream of the Yangtze River. Poyang Lake has rich ecosystem types, huge ecosystem service capacity, rich habitat types and biodiversity, and unique hydrological rhythm, which provides rich food and good food availability for various migratory birds. Its water ecological health quality has the most obvious effect on enhancing the vitality of the Yangtze River, so it is also the most important lake among the four lakes. The protection and restoration of Poyang Lake water ecology should be placed in the first place of the four lakes. 

The brand-new family-style design sector M8 is expected to be listed in 2025.

A few days ago, Chezhi. com learned from relevant channels that HarmonyOS Zhixing will launch a variety of new cars in 2025, including the M8 that has already exposed the patent application map. It is reported that the new car will be unveiled before the end of the year, and the official listing and delivery time will wait until 2025.

The brand-new family-style design sector M8 is expected to be listed in 2025.

The brand-new family-style design sector M8 is expected to be listed in 2025.

In terms of appearance, it is not difficult to see through the declaration map that the new car will provide two front face designs to choose from. Among them, the first patent application scheme adopts ring lamp group; The second declaration scheme is a relatively traditional through-lamp group design. The overall outline is close to the M9 style of the world, creating a relatively strong gas field. In detail, the top of the vehicle in both declaration schemes is equipped with lidar.

The brand-new family-style design sector M8 is expected to be listed in 2025.

The vehicle side transition is relatively straight and regular, which is conducive to improving the utilization of the interior space. Presumably, it is expected to adopt 6-seat and 7-seat layouts. By naming, it is not difficult to see that the product positioning of the new car will be between M7 and M9.

The brand-new family-style design sector M8 is expected to be listed in 2025.

At present, 3D renderings based on patent application drawings have also spread on the Internet. Although there are few details, the overall outline and highlight design are basically displayed. It is rumored that the M8 will lead a new generation of family-style design language. Compared with the two SUV models owned by HarmonyOS Zhixing, the visual perception is more scientific and luxurious.

The brand-new family-style design sector M8 is expected to be listed in 2025.

Interior spy photos do not have too much reference significance, because of the high degree of camouflage, it is difficult to see the specific design details. The M8 will continue to be equipped with the extended range power system, but the specific parameters have not been announced yet. For more news about the new car, the car quality network will continue to pay attention to and report.

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development: Promote the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry and high-quality development, and continue to build the "Made in China" brand.

  CCTV News:On September 14th, the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee held a series of press conferences on the theme of "Ten Years in China". Jiang Wanrong, Vice Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, introduced the high-quality development measures and achievements of housing and urban-rural construction in the new era and answered questions from reporters. Li Rusheng, chief engineer of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, said at the press conference that the pace of "going out" in the construction industry has also accelerated in the past decade. International competitiveness has been significantly enhanced, and foreign project contracting has spread to more than 190 countries and regions around the world. Since 2013, the turnover of foreign contracted projects and the amount of newly signed contracts have generally maintained a sustained growth trend. In 2021, 79 enterprises were selected into the list of the world’s largest 250 international contractors, and the number of enterprises and the proportion of business have been ranked first in the world since 2014. In the next step, we will further deepen the reform of the construction industry, adhere to the drive of innovation and the guidance of science and technology, promote the transformation, upgrading and high-quality development of the construction industry, continue to build the "Made in China" brand, and make greater contributions to the sustained and healthy development of the economy and society.

Knowing that his heart is not good, he also asked his drinking friend to die suddenly. The same drinker was awarded 75,000 yuan.

  Mr. Yan invited Mr. Fan, a "little boy", to his home for dinner and drinking. As a result, Mr. Fan, who suffered from coronary heart disease and hypertension, died suddenly after drinking. Mr. Fan’s family believed that Mr. Yan failed to fulfill his duty of care and attention after Mr. Fan drank, and sued Mr. Yan for compensation. After hearing the case, the Xicheng court found that Mr. Fan still often dined and drank with friends when he was ill, and should be mainly responsible for his sudden death. However, Mr. Yan knew that his friend was ill, failed to fulfill his duty of care, failed to give assistance at the best time, and there was a certain fault. He ordered Mr. Yan to compensate Mr. Fan’s family for more than 75,000 yuan according to the 5% responsibility ratio.

  Friends get together and die suddenly after drinking

  On April 13th last year, Mr Yan invited Mr Fan to his home for dinner. Mr. Yan said that during the meal, Mr. Fan drank two or two pieces of yellow rice wine first, Mr. Yan drank half a catty of Erguotou, and then the two began to drink beer. Mr. Fan drank three bottles at most. After dinner, the two men rested in Yan’s house. After sleeping for a while, when Mr. Yan got up and went to the toilet, he found that Mr. Fan did not respond. He quickly dialed 120 and called the police. When the emergency personnel arrived at the scene, they confirmed that Mr. Fan had died.

  After identification, the alcohol content in Mr. Fan’s heart blood was 90mg/100ml, and his death was due to sudden death after drinking.

  According to medical common sense, the amount of acute alcoholism is generally 70 to 80 grams, and the lethal dose is 250 to 500 grams. Mr. Fan’s blood alcohol concentration is slightly higher than the drunk index, which should not be enough to reach the lethal level. However, Mr. Fan has a history of coronary heart disease for 6 years, hypertension for more than 10 years, cerebral infarction for 22 years, hyperlipidemia and fatty liver. For patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease, sudden death may indeed occur after drinking. As a friend, Mr. Yan also knows that Mr. Fan has a bad heart and has fainted twice.

  Family members claim to court.

  Mr. Fan’s family sued Mr. Yan to the court, arguing that Mr. Yan was at fault for letting him drink yellow wine and beer knowing that Mr. Fan was in poor health. In addition, Mr. Fan was not sent to the hospital in time, which led to his final death. The family asked Mr. Yan to compensate according to the 60% responsibility ratio.

  In court, Mr. Yan said that after drinking, Mr. Fan was conscious and had no discomfort. After discovering that Mr. Fan was wrong, he called 120 in time and called the police. There was no fault in Mr. Fan’s death.

  The hostess is responsible for 5%

  The court held that according to the alcohol concentration in Mr. Fan’s blood and the existing evidence, Mr. Yan did not actively persuade Mr. Fan to drink too much during the drinking process. While Mr. Fan knew that he was suffering from hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and other diseases, he still often dined and drank with friends. On the day of the incident, he failed to control the amount of drinking, paid close attention to his physical changes, and eventually died suddenly. He should bear the main responsibility.

  For Mr. Yan, knowing that his friend suffers from coronary heart disease and high blood pressure and is not suitable for drinking too much, he still invites Mr. Fan to his home to provide drinks and meals. Mr. Yan should have a higher duty of care in the process of drinking. Not only should we not actively persuade people to drink, but we should also remind and dissuade Mr. Fan appropriately, but Mr. Yan failed to fulfill the above duty of care and was at fault. Moreover, Mr. Yan drank half a catty of white wine and beer by himself, which led to his inability to maintain a high degree of clear consciousness, so that Mr. Fan failed to rescue him at the best time when he was unwell, and Mr. Yan was also at fault.

  Therefore, the court held that Mr. Yan was at fault for Mr. Fan’s death, and decided that the proportion of his responsibility was 5%, and sentenced Mr. Yan to compensate Mr. Fan’s family for death compensation, funeral expenses and spiritual damages totaling more than 75,000 yuan. (Reporter Sun Ying)

Let the county commerce catch fire: by 2025, the county will basically have chain stores and logistics distribution centers.

By 2025, there will basically be chain stores and logistics distribution centers in counties and counties-
Let the county business fire up.

County commerce will usher in rapid development. On May 19th, the State Council Press Office held a routine briefing on the State Council policy. Wang Bingnan, Vice Minister of Commerce, pointed out at the meeting that during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the county-level commercial construction will be implemented, and efforts will be made to establish and improve a rural commercial system with the county as the center, towns as the focus and villages as the foundation, and strive to basically realize the double promotion of farmers’ income and rural consumption in qualified areas by 2025.

Promote the construction of rural commercial system

During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the rural circulation work will present "four outstanding"-

Highlight the county as the starting point of work. There are 21,000 towns in China. At present, farmers’ consumption is mainly concentrated in towns. During the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the county was regarded as the entry point of rural commerce, including not only the traditional rural areas, but also the towns, in order to adapt to the actual situation of rural circulation and rural consumption, strengthen the central position of the county and give play to the important node function of the towns.

Highlight the two key points of sinking and ascending. Sinking means guiding urban production and circulation enterprises to the countryside, driving new products, new services, new technologies and new ideas to the countryside, and gradually narrowing the consumption gap between urban and rural areas, so that farmers can achieve the same level of consumption environment, the same quality of goods and the same standard of services as cities at their doorsteps. Upward, it is to promote agricultural products to enter the city, establish a closer connection between production and marketing, reduce circulation links, improve circulation efficiency, reduce circulation loss, cultivate agricultural products brands, increase farmers’ income, and let urban consumers obtain agricultural products with better quality and more reasonable prices.

Highlight the modern circulation system. To build a rural commercial system, we should put the quality of development in a prominent position and take the modern rural circulation system as the direction. By promoting informationization, standardization, intensification and standardization, coordinating the construction of software and hardware, filling the shortcomings of rural commerce, changing the backward face of rural commerce, improving the development level of rural commerce, and never engaging in low-level redundant construction and disorderly and unfair competition in rural commerce.

Highlight the double promotion of farmers’ income and rural consumption. Wang Bingnan pointed out that rural circulation connects production and consumption, and the consumption market at the township and village levels accounts for 38% of the total consumption market in China, which has great consumption potential. To improve the modern commercial system in rural areas, it is necessary to increase farmers’ income at the individual level, enhance farmers’ sense of acquisition and happiness, and expand rural consumption at the macro level to form a strong domestic market.

Improve farmers’ consumption ability

In recent years, with the steady improvement of farmers’ income level, the scale of rural consumption has been driven. In 2020, the retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 5.3 trillion yuan, an increase of 26.1% over 2015, which was faster than that of cities and towns for eight consecutive years. The trend of rural consumption upgrading is obvious. In 2020, the per capita consumption expenditure of education, culture, entertainment, transportation, communication and medical security of rural residents will increase by 35.1%, 58.3% and 67.6% respectively compared with 2015.

Liu Decheng, director of the Department of Circulation Development of the Ministry of Commerce, said that in the future, it will continue to increase farmers’ income, improve farmers’ spending power, and give farmers more sense of acquisition and happiness.

Improve the backbone network of agricultural products circulation. Based on the main producing areas, distribution centers and sales areas of agricultural products, we will improve the level of facilities construction and service functions in the primary processing, wholesale and retail of producing areas, promote the effective connection of circulation nodes, and improve the cross-regional production and marketing chain. Identify a number of national backbone agricultural products wholesale markets and backbone circulation enterprises to promote information interconnection and facilities sharing in all aspects of agricultural products production, transportation, warehousing and consumption, and enhance the level of agricultural products circulation serving agriculture.

Expand the coverage of e-commerce in rural areas. Strengthen the overall planning ability of county-level e-commerce public service centers, provide market development, resource docking and other services for e-commerce enterprises, family farms, farmers’ cooperatives and other subjects, and enhance the upward ability of e-commerce services for agricultural products. Reduce rural logistics costs, support postal services, express delivery, logistics, trade and circulation enterprises to carry out market-oriented cooperation, realize unified warehousing, sorting, transportation, distribution and collection, and actively develop unified warehousing and distribution.

Improve the commercialization processing capacity of agricultural products. Accelerate the filling of shortcomings in cold chain facilities of agricultural products, strengthen the cultivation of agricultural products brands, expand and extend the industrial chain, upgrade the value chain, and better promote the effective docking between small farmers and the big market.

Strengthen the long-term mechanism of production and marketing docking. Guide agricultural products circulation enterprises and new agricultural business entities to achieve accurate docking through the development of order agriculture, integration of production and marketing, equity cooperation and other modes. Organize various forms of production and marketing docking activities, encourage all localities to play the role of cooperation between the east and the west, counterpart support, county-enterprise cooperation and other mechanisms, and promote docking resources to focus on helping counties and poverty-stricken areas in rural revitalization.

Improve the rural consumption environment

Wang Bingnan introduced that there is an imbalance between urban and rural development in the current rural commercial field, which is manifested in the low level of rural commercial facilities, low quality of goods and services and poor market order. There are not only market reasons such as low willingness of market participants to enter rural areas, but also institutional factors such as weak supervision. In the next step, we will focus on upgrading in four aspects to greatly improve the rural consumption environment.

Facilities upgrade. In the county, we will focus on upgrading a number of comprehensive business service centers and logistics distribution centers to strengthen the county’s comprehensive business service capabilities. In towns and villages, we will focus on upgrading a number of business centers in towns and villages, increase life service functions, and promote the integration of shopping, entertainment and leisure. In the village, a number of "husband and wife shops" will be transformed and upgraded into new chain convenience stores, and businesses such as express delivery and distribution of agricultural products will be encouraged to be enriched according to local conditions.

Upgrade of goods and services. It is necessary to guide urban production and circulation enterprises to enter the rural market, extend the marketing network to the countryside, develop goods and services suitable for the rural market, and promote the upgrading. At the same time, we will develop rural tourism, folk customs, characteristic culture, leisure agriculture and other services to promote the integrated development of rural business travel, entertainment and sports.

Mode upgrading, namely "transformation" and "integration". Transformation is digital and intelligent transformation. On the one hand, we should vigorously develop rural e-commerce, further expand the coverage of rural e-commerce, focus on solving the "last mile" problem of rural online shopping, and strive to achieve full coverage of express outlets in all administrative villages in 3-5 years. On the other hand, it is necessary to promote traditional rural commercial enterprises to apply modern information technology on a large scale and upgrade their software and hardware. Convergence, that is, to promote the development of cross-border integration in function, and to superimpose functions such as "business+life service" to realize multi-function and multi-purpose in one network.

Regulatory upgrade. During the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period, we will give priority to standardizing the rural market order and strengthening market supervision, improve the linkage mechanism between urban and rural areas, strengthen source management, and severely crack down on illegal business practices such as the production and operation of fake and shoddy goods in rural areas. (Reporter Xu Peiyu)

Chongqing tamps the foundation of grain production, promotes agricultural modernization and increases farmers’ income.

  CCTV News:Recently, 9.8 million mu of rice in Chongqing has gradually matured and entered the harvest period. With the implementation of high-standard farmland transformation, the rice machine yield is expected to reach more than 80% in 2023.

  In Dadu Village, Jiangbei Street, Fuling District, Chongqing, the heavy ears of rice are particularly gratifying under the sunshine. Overlooking from the sky, the mature rice is like the earth covered with a golden carpet. Two large combine harvesters shuttled back and forth in the paddy field, cutting rice, threshing and crushing straw in one go, and harvesting was completed in just over ten minutes.

  In recent years, the local government has vigorously promoted the construction of high-standard farmland and infrastructure, and consolidated the foundation of grain production. At the same time, actively promote agricultural mechanization farming, play a leading role in agricultural scale production demonstration, and solve problems such as rural labor shortage and land abandonment. Vigorously improve the efficiency of agricultural planting, management and harvesting and farmers’ enthusiasm for growing grain, promote agricultural modernization and increase farmers’ income.

New entry-level version CLTC battery life 604km new Porsche Taycan rear drive version pre-sale 928,000 yuan

A few days ago, the new Porsche Taycan (parameters | inquiry) rear-drive version started pre-sale.The pre-sale price is 928,000 yuan.new carIt is an entry-level model with rear-wheel drive, which officials say provides better handling performance.

Autohome

Autohome

Autohome

The rear-drive version is consistent with the Taycan 4 in terms of appearance. The front is wide and flat, equipped with large air intakes below, and has a guide groove design on both sides, which has a good sense of movement. The side of the body is still a smooth and dynamic coupe shape, and the rear is equipped with a through taillight, which is further enhanced by the blackened surrounding design.

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Autohome

In terms of configuration, the new car comes standard with Porsche Sport Chrono components, BOSE surround sound system, comfortable entry and parking assistance system with panoramic images. The car offers localized applications such as QQ Music, and deeply integrates Apple CarPlay into the display and various functions. In addition, the new car comes standard with adaptive air suspension with dual cavity and dual valve technology.

Autohome

In terms of power, the new car adopts single-motor rear-wheel drive, with a maximum power of 408 horsepower, 0-100km/h acceleration of 4.8 seconds, and a maximum speed of 230km/h. The new car comes standard with 89kWh battery, energy recovery power can reach 400kW, and the maximum cruising range of CLTC comprehensive working conditions can reach 604km. (Text/Autohome Yan Huan)

AT gearbox "and" dual clutch gearbox "who is stronger? Do you understand as an old driver?

Many friends will pay attention to the gearbox, one of the three major parts of the car, when buying a car: what kind of gearbox is carried by the car? As many people know, the dual-clutch engine has a high failure rate because of its instability. At present, the gearbox with the highest transmission efficiency is the manual gear, but although the manual gear is good, it is still a little overwhelmed by the new era. Let’s talk about automation.

I comparison of advantages and disadvantages between AT gearbox and dual clutch gearbox

1. The service life of AT gearbox is longer.

This involves the structural principles of two gearboxes. AT gearboxes usually use hydraulic torque converters, while dual-clutch gearboxes usually use clutch plates. The biggest difference between these two gearboxes is whether their internal components are directly connected together, and they are usually divided into rigid and non-rigid.

Because of the internal structure, the wear rate of AT is much higher than that of AT. Generally, the service life of AT is about 100,000 kilometers, and there is no need for overhaul.

Moreover, in the case of modern traffic congestion, the dual-clutch gearbox will stop and go, shift gears frequently, and the wear will become bigger and bigger. Usually, it has to be repaired before it reaches 100 thousand kilometers, and even needs to be replaced with a new clutch, which is why its life will be shorter than that of AT gearbox.

2. The AT gearbox has better stability and lower maintenance cost.

In fact, this is related to its internal structure, one is non-rigid connection and the other is rigid connection. Moreover, the maintenance cost of at gearbox in the later period is relatively low, and it is usually only necessary to change the oil of the gearbox. Therefore, as long as the owner takes good care of it and does not drive too hard in daily use, there will basically be no big problem.

However, because the dual-clutch gearbox changes gears too many times, it will cause internal wear, and the cost of overhaul is very high. Moreover, the dual-clutch gearbox is different from the manual gearbox, and the manual gearbox is damaged. Just change a part or clutch plate, but the dual-clutch gearbox may have to be completely replaced.

Although powershift is more fuel-efficient, its maintenance cost will also affect its fuel consumption. This is not to say that you can’t buy a dry powershift. Just be careful when driving, and don’t drive too hard. If there is a traffic jam, you can also choose manual mode.

Second, AT gearbox has a better reputation.

These two transmissions have a history of more than 100 years, but their development processes are different. Since the AT transmission was invented, many people have improved it. Powershift, on the other hand, was widely used more than 30 years ago.

Therefore, the stability of AT gearbox will be better, the technology will be more mature, and the transmission efficiency of dual-clutch gearbox will be higher, but from the perspective of durability and economy, AT gearbox may have more advantages.

Before this, there was a data analysis. Through the summary of statistics and opinions about automobile gearboxes, it was found that seven of the top ten gearboxes with the highest complaint frequency were dual-clutch gearboxes, and only one of them was at gearboxes. Therefore, if we look at the stability and reputation of gearbox quality, AT gearbox may be better.

No matter what kind of gearbox it is, it has its own advantages and disadvantages. The most important thing is that the owner should avoid using violence and develop good driving habits when driving. Only in this way, the service life of the gearbox will be longer, thus reducing the maintenance cost. Both gearboxes have been precipitated by the market and have been continuously improved and optimized for several years. Therefore, the main reason lies in the good or bad driving habits.

Mercedes-Maybach has another hard 1.468 million

Although cars can improve the convenience of people’s travel, safety is still an unavoidable topic. Therefore, many car companies have begun to upgrade the safety of their models. Of course, for consumers, a car with very complete active and passive safety configurations will be more popular. Although it is not outstanding, it can also reach the mainstream level of the same level. Let’s take a look at it next.

First of all, from the appearance, the front face of the Maybach S-class adopts a very fierce design, which looks sporty. With the headlights, the overall design is very clean. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, automatic steering, delayed closing, etc. Come to the side, the body size of the car is 5470MM*1921MM*1510MM, the car adopts hard-line lines, the side gives a very delicate feeling, and with large-sized thick-walled tires, it looks sporty. On the rear design, the Maybach S-class rear line is flamboyant, the tail lights show a spiritual design style, and the exhaust pipe layout uses a barrel shape, which is generally relatively simple.

Inside the car, the Maybach S-Class interior is relatively rustic, in line with the positioning of the car. The steering wheel of the car is very consistent with the interior style, and it is made of genuine leather, which gives a good grip. Take a look at the central control, the car is equipped with a touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive, and the overall design of the central control is remarkable. The instrument panel and seats are also eye-catching, and the instrument panel design is remarkable, which looks very technological. The car adopts leather seats, equipped with functions such as auxiliary seats with memory electric adjustment and seat with memory electric adjustment, which makes it very comfortable to ride.

The Maybach S-Class is matched with an automatic manual (AT) gearbox, with a maximum power of 450KW and a maximum torque of 900N.m, resulting in good power performance.

The Maybach S-Class is equipped with vehicles to everything, driving mode selection, remote control keys, rear window sunshades, interior ambient lights and other configurations, which are worth praising.

To sum up, this car performs well in terms of space and configuration. As for the exterior design, everyone has their own aesthetic.

Jinan transportation department issues risk warning for online car-hailing industry

Recently, many places across the country have issued warnings about the saturation of online car-hailing, and Sanya City in Hainan Province has decided to suspend the business of accepting online car-hailing business licenses and transportation licenses. Previously, the transportation department of Jinan City also issued a risk warning for the online car-hailing industry to remind employees. In the "second half" of the development of online car-hailing, what is the industry environment in Jinan? What changes have taken place in the market?

The efficiency of individual receiving orders has decreased, and one driver serves multiple "owners".

"Now the orders are not as good as before, the big orders can’t be received, and the small orders are tossed back and forth." In Jinan, Wang Xingyi has been working as an online taxi driver for four years, and he has run for more than 1,000 days from part-time to full-time. "In the first year, I worked part-time, and the number of orders was OK, especially on weekends, and I almost never stopped receiving orders." Wang Xingyi worked part-time, and the monthly flow was more than 8,000 yuan, so the second year he ran a full-time online taxi. What he didn’t expect was that with the passage of time, there were more and more Internet taxi platforms, and the number of online drivers was increasing day by day. The most obvious feeling was that the number of travel orders received was not as good as before.

At 10 am on the 11th, the reporter called a taxi from Jinan City Long-distance Bus Station through Autonavi Map, Meituan and other platforms. On the interface of the aggregation platform, there are nearly 100 taxi-hailing platforms in the economy category alone. After calling at the same time, drivers will soon take orders. "From the aggregation platform, you can see how many online taxi-hailing cars are running on the road in Jinan." Entering the car of Mr. Li, the driver of the timely car, the first thing that came into view was the three mobile phones in front of him. "Now it is not as good as before. There are too many platforms, and the passenger flow is scattered. Only one platform is attached to it, and the number of orders is not large. Multiple platforms have multiple opportunities." Mr. Li used "the east side is not bright and the west side is bright" to describe this operation method.

The phenomenon of online ride-hailing drivers docking to multiple platforms has become more common in recent years. The same car has more than one "owner" serving the same driver. By docking on multiple platforms, in addition to improving one’s order volume, it can also increase the probability of receiving large orders. "During peak periods, there are too many orders to start, which is not cost-effective and time-consuming. Sometimes it takes half an hour to block in the urban area," Mr. Li said. When multiple platform orders come in, you may encounter medium and long-distance orders to the airport or peripheral areas and counties.

Recently, a video of an online car-hailing driver’s car full of mobile phones receiving orders leaked out on the Internet. Multiple brackets were laid in the car, with eight or nine mobile phones on them, each mobile phone displaying a real-time picture of receiving orders from a platform. "In the past, there was a colleague who hung up on seven platforms at the same time, and the order came in at the same time, and it was all beeps," Mr. Li said. There is still an influx of people pouring in when the flexible market for online car-hailing is saturated

In recent years, there have been more and more drivers on online car-hailing platforms, and today, when the capacity is basically saturated, there are still many newcomers joining. "From the perspective of practitioners, the threshold for online car-hailing is low, the work is flexible, and everyone’s impression of online car-hailing drivers can earn more than 10,000 yuan a month by running around casually," Mr. Li believes.

"After the original job was sluggish, I wanted to change industries. After comprehensive consideration, I still think online car-hailing is more suitable." The reporter’s investigation found that there are not a few online car-hailing drivers who have the same opportunity as Mr. Li. The entry threshold is not high and the working method is relatively flexible, which makes online car-hailing a job option for many people.

For some young people, online car-hailing is also a "way out" for employment. "In the first year of graduation, I didn’t find my favorite job, so I thought about driving online car-hailing for a period of time, and I had a source of income. Later, I got used to it, and I have been doing it until now." Zhang Bo took running online car-hailing as his temporary job after graduating from university, which was also the fastest job he could find. "At that time, the traffic was still relatively large, so I didn’t have to worry about the list. After my college classmates at the time found out, some people also joined or worked part-time."

The fast and convenient way to call a car has made online car-hailing the first choice for many people to travel and take a taxi. The huge potential market development space at the beginning has attracted a batch of practitioners. Between the ages of 20 and 50, people in every age group are engaged in the profession of online car-hailing drivers.

"Every morning at 6 am, pick up the car and go home at 5 pm, there are no restrictions on the company’s various regulations. And in the two years when the market was good, we did make money." Zhang Bo said that in the first two years, it was very easy to take dozens of orders every day, and you could run more than 100 yuan in an hour. When you are tired, you can take a day or two off. For college students who have just left school and middle-aged people with a lot of family affairs, this relatively flexible work has a greater appeal.

In the interview, some online car-hailing drivers made a calculation to the reporter. In the first few years of the booming online car-hailing market, the average daily flow was around 800 yuan, but now the daily flow is less than 400 yuan. "After the Spring Festival, the cultural tourism market has recovered one after another, and the urban traffic counting has increased, but because there are many online car-hailing platforms and drivers, the passenger flow to their hands is not as high as expected." Mr. Jia said that some platforms have incentive mechanisms for drivers. There are rewards similar to "rushing orders" for receiving more orders. Coupled with the current decline in efficiency, many full-time online car-hailing drivers have increased their running time and saturated orders. Mr. Jia believes that the usual passenger flow is limited, there are more and more drivers, and everyone’s running time is about 10 hours a day, which has exacerbated the competition. My brother "switched to" some traditional taxis on the online car-hailing network without carrying

Jinan Urban and Rural Transportation Bureau in the network about car industry risk warning released a set of data, as of the end of March this year, Jinan registered a total of 69 network about car platform enterprises, registered network about car 17,800 vehicles, get the network about car qualification certificate driver 35,900. Affected by the network about car and the number of employees increased sharply and rapidly, according to statistical data estimates, the current network about car bicycle daily average number of orders less than 10 orders.

In recent years, the number of private cars in Jinan’s urban area has also been increasing, and the two types of vehicles are intertwined, which has a certain impact on road traffic during peak hours. Jinan City adheres to the basic idea of giving priority to the development of urban public transportation, developing taxis in a moderate and orderly manner, and optimizing the urban transportation structure for urban transportation layout. In the case of car-hailing saturation, there are still many people flooding into the market, which also diverts the flow of urban public transportation.

The reporter found that in addition to having a certain impact on urban traffic, the impact of online car-hailing on traditional cruise taxis is also very large. "In the first few years, when there were not so many platforms, online car-hailing ushered in a dividend period, and many people used it as a part-time means." The person in charge of a taxi company in Jinan told reporters that whether it is taxis or online car-hailing, it is a supplement to urban public transportation. Now residents are more inclined to ride-hailing than traditional cruise taxis, which allows online car-hailing to have a large market development space, but the space is ultimately limited. With the increase of platforms and the increase in the number of drivers, the market began to saturate.

The person in charge admitted that the online taxi-hailing industry has also attracted some traditional cruise taxi practitioners. Some taxi drivers do not renew their contracts with taxi companies after the contract expires, but choose online taxi-hailing instead. "Joining or renting a car is a more common way to recruit online car-hailing. It is more convenient for drivers to join, and the operation model is relatively flexible. In the past few years, the cruise taxi industry has lost a lot of drivers."

Jinan City’s online taxi booking industry risk warning notice also pointed out that at present, some online car-hailing platform companies are idle due to low orders, and some cruise cars are also unaccompanied due to difficulty in achieving expected returns. It is recommended that companies intending to engage in online car-hailing operations carefully research the market, gain a deeper understanding of policies, and cautiously invest in Jinan’s online car-hailing market to avoid economic losses.