Last year, China started a new journey of "building a first-class undergraduate course, strengthening a first-class major and cultivating first-class talents", which sounded the assembly number for China University to start again. As we all know, specialty is the basic unit of talent training, and curriculum is the core element of talent training. For a time, focusing on the construction of first-class courses, eliminating "water courses" and creating "golden courses" have become the hot spots of China’s higher education reform in breadth and depth, and the hot words of classroom revolution and teaching innovation in colleges and universities.
What is a "golden class"? It is generally believed that the "golden class" has the characteristics of "high order, innovation and challenge" and so on. For a long time, "innovation" and "challenge" seem familiar and easy to grasp. But "high order" is relatively unfamiliar, and to what extent, how to show it and how to determine it? It seems a bit mysterious, irrelevant, and has no grip. Therefore, the author intends to think about "higher order" in order to deepen the understanding of "golden class" and contribute to the creation of "golden class"
Such as Han Xin, broaden the breadth of teaching resources.
Classroom is the distribution center of teaching resources. The knowledge, accomplishment and ability of professional talents are nurtured and generated through the infusion of teaching resources. Teaching resources determine the classroom effect and restrict the level of talent training. So, what kind of teaching resources can guarantee the teaching effect? How to collect, integrate and optimize resources?
In reality, teachers are the general directors, planners and commanders of classroom teaching. It is also the leader in the collection, selection, organization and design of teaching resources. But in fact, students can and actively participate in the collection and development of teaching resources. The participation of students can effectively ensure the richness, integrity and density of teaching resources and provide a solid material foundation for the quality of classroom teaching.
The collection of teaching resources is like Han Xin’s general, the more the better. It is necessary to radiate as far as possible, catch all the nets, and strive to achieve no omissions, no dead ends, and no boundaries. In the past, Chinese majors with a long history attached importance to the construction of teaching materials and encouraged self-made teaching materials in order to pursue rich and informative teaching information. In the process of compiling teaching materials, it is necessary to carefully read and compare relevant knowledge, texts and documents. This process of investigation, search and development of teaching resources is the process of exhaustive search and trawling of course content and teaching information, which undoubtedly contributes to the richness, broadness and vastness of teaching data and provides information support and material guarantee for classroom teaching.
Yang Bojun’s Annotations on the Analects of Confucius is a kind of books with the largest circulation among Confucian classics. In order to ensure the integrity of the content, Yang Bojun had studied every word of The Analects of Confucius and compiled a dictionary of The Analects of Confucius before writing a translation. The purpose is to find out the meaning of every word in the Analects of Confucius as much as possible, so as to be sure of the translation. " Only in this way, the Analects of Confucius was reprinted once and printed again, with a circulation of more than 400 thousand copies.
Such as gold and mining, to explore the depth of teaching content.
Classroom is not the accumulation field of teaching resources information. If the classroom is only a simple list of course contents, a "stacked bed" of teaching information and a "fruit platter" of knowledge structure, it will really degenerate into a "water class". To create a "golden course", we must go beyond the relevant literature, break through the habitual cognitive model, break the traditional knowledge system, and dig deeper; We must have a sense of problems, constantly ask questions, ask questions, set questions and ask questions, boldly question and be brave in innovation.
Taking the appreciation of teaching works as an example, we must overcome the foresight and limitations of our predecessors in vertical and horizontal comparison and combing. When Bi Feiyu, a famous writer, talked about Mo Bosang’s "The Necklace", he dug up the meaning of "other" in the "Necklace" through vanity and fate punishment, through the corruption of capitalist people’s hearts and morality, and transcended a lot of adjectives such as hypocrisy, greed, meanness and decay.
"In Mo Bosang’s The Necklace, the first thing I read is loyalty", and its logical basis is that after the necklace is lost, "there is absolutely no motivation for them to jump out of the contract". Bi Feiyu continued to dig down the writer’s personality problem: "Some writers’ personalities are soft and soft, and some writers’ personalities are hard and cruel." Mo Bosang "hand malicious". "For a woman who was once radiant and full of stars, what could be more unbearable than’ red hands’?"
Bi Feiyu keeps mining like mining, removes impurities like gold panning, uncovers the mysterious veil of the Muse layer by layer, and presents the unparalleled charm of the text.
Such as turning the stone into gold, controlling the teaching height
"There is no fixed method in teaching, but it is important to get the right method". The effect of classroom teaching depends on the art of teachers controlling the classroom. Some people say that a teacher is a music conductor, a political speaker and a program host. An excellent teacher can create an interesting and passionate classroom with confidence, adjust the classroom atmosphere and rhythm with expressions such as joy, profundity, smile and anxiety, and guide students to expand their imagination and association through intonation, pause, inspiration and reminder.
Of course, the "golden class" in colleges and universities should not only stay in the general teaching art and skills, but also consciously climb the height of controlling the classroom.
First of all, the teaching information should be highly focused and concise. When Yang Bojun noted "mistakes are all wasted", he first put forward two theories, that is, mistakes have the meaning of placement and abandonment. Then it is stated that "most people interpret it as abolishing, saying it is’ abolishing those evil people’ (interpreting the word’ Zhu’ as’ Zhong’). This solution is inconsistent with the grammatical rules of ancient Chinese. " Such a confident argument and a high degree of judgment are based on the material support of quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis, and come from the foundation laid by hard work in compiling dictionaries and the accumulated confidence.
Secondly, he has profound thinking and insightful views on the teaching content. In Historical Records, "When we study the relationship between man and nature, we can understand the changes from ancient times to modern times", and in Selected Works, "Things are out of meditation, and righteousness belongs to profundity", and Wang Guowei said, "Being in it makes us angry; Unexpectedly, it is inherently high. " They all expound their profound and unique perception and incisive insights into the universe, society and life in their articles. "The lyricism of novels is very different from that of poetry and prose. The lyricism of the novel has its special rhetoric, but it is not lyrical, and sometimes even the opposite, controlling feelings. " Bi Feiyu said in the novel class that in the face of emotion, novels should not be "expressed" but only "conveyed". Let readers "understand", and this "understanding" is the key. What is reflected here is that the human feelings are sophisticated and the world is clear, and it reflects a little knowledge and a strategic view.
In addition, forward-looking thinking on teaching objectives. In the era of information-intensive and knowledge-exploding globalization, teachers must study the teaching content assiduously, update new knowledge in time, catch new information keenly and solve new problems quickly. We must stand on the academic front to explore the potential truth and beauty of knowledge itself, grasp the key points, difficulties and key points, stimulate students’ desire for knowledge and ignite their academic ideals. For example, when teaching the history of China literature, we should guide students to understand that the writing paradigm of China literature history has undergone three transformations: style-oriented, author-oriented and text-centered. At the same time, we should also understand the questioning and innovative characteristics of The History of China Literature in Cambridge, regard text, literature and culture as an organic whole, and pay full attention to the interaction between institutional culture and spiritual culture and their ideas on literary creation.
The "high-order" of "gold class" is cast by the fusion of breadth, depth and height. Breadth is the foundation of depth, depth is the sublimation of breadth, and height is the crystallization of depth. Height is the ability to turn iron into gold, the wisdom to turn decay into magic, and the rain and dew that one soul awakens another. The "high-order" of "Golden Class" leads the class to change from listening, listening and wanting to listen to loving, thinking and thinking, and sublimate to questioning, criticizing and transcending, actively discovering, constructing and even creating meaning.
(The author is a professor at the College of Literature, Yangzhou University)
China Education News, May 20, 2019, 6th edition.
