Comments on the management of Demax’s board of directors in the first half of 2023

() The business review of the Board of Directors in the first half of 2023 is as follows:

  I. Main businesses of the Company during the reporting period

1, the development of the industry

The company’s industry is automobile parts and accessories manufacturing (C3660), which is greatly influenced by the automobile industry.

(1) Automobile production and sales maintain development resilience.

After the impact of the switch of promotion policies and the fluctuation of market prices in the first quarter, the domestic automobile market was driven by the central and local policies to promote consumption, the announcement on issues related to the implementation of the national six emission standards for automobiles, automobile marketing activities in many places, and the launch of a large number of new models by automobile companies. The semi-annual node impulse of superimposed automobile companies was relatively low compared with the same period in April and May of last year, and the market demand gradually recovered. In the first half of 2023, domestic automobile production and sales achieved a high growth. According to the statistics of China Automobile Industry Association, in the first half of 2023, domestic automobile production and sales totaled 13.248 million and 13.239 million, up 9.3% and 9.8% respectively.

Xu Haidong, deputy chief engineer of China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, said: "However, we should also see that the current external environment is still complicated, some structural problems are still outstanding, consumer demand is still insufficient, industry operation is still under great pressure, and there are still many challenges in business operation. It is necessary to maintain the stability and predictability of policies and help the industry run smoothly."

(2) China automobile industry has made new achievements, and opportunities and challenges coexist.

With the development of China market, China automobile industry has made continuous breakthroughs and made some achievements, but some difficulties, shortcomings and challenges have also been exposed in the development process. On the one hand, under the background of electrification, intelligence and digitalization, although the traditional competitive advantages of joint venture car companies still exist, their shortcomings are increasingly exposed, such as slow upgrading and low configuration compared with domestic car companies. According to the statistics of the Association, in the first half of 2023, the sales volume of some joint venture car companies in Chinese mainland declined collectively, while domestic independent brands rose rapidly, accounting for half of the country’s total. According to the list of Fortune Global 500 in 2023, according to the turnover, 24 car companies in the world were on the list, including 7 in China. According to the statistics of China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, the domestic vehicle exports reached 2.14 million, up 75.7% year-on-year. New energy vehicles exported 534,000 vehicles, up 1.6 times year-on-year. Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association announced that Japanese automobile exports in the same period were 2.02 million vehicles, and China’s automobile exports surpassed Japan for the first time in the first half of the year to become the world’s largest automobile exporter. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the investment in automobile manufacturing industry increased by 20% year-on-year in the first half of 2023, which was higher than the national fixed assets investment of 16.2%, indicating the future development potential of China automobile industry. On the other hand, in recent years, due to many factors, such as lack of core and expensive electricity, rising raw material prices, unbalanced profits in the industrial chain, withdrawal of subsidies and intensified competition, some domestic auto companies continue to lose money, and the profitability of enterprises has become the core problem for the sustainable development of China’s auto industry. The world situation is accelerating,Facing the complicated international environment and the development of domestic economic upgrading, China’s automobile industry has also put forward new requirements for transformation and upgrading, cost control and brand promotion. Traditional automobile giants have intensively announced electrification strategies and participated in competition, and the development of China’s automobile industry is facing new challenges.

2. Main business of the company

Demais is a high-tech enterprise with innovative ability, which focuses on the research and development, production and sales of precision shafts and precision cutting parts, and is committed to providing customers with high-quality products and integrated services throughout the process. The company’s main products are precision shafts and precision cutting parts, which are used in the window system, power system, body and chassis system of automobiles. In addition, some products are industrial precision parts, and "multi-variety, non-standard and customization" is the main feature of the company’s products. During the reporting period, the company’s main business has not changed.

3. Business model

The company adopts the business model of "fixed production by sales" and has an independent and complete procurement, production and sales system. After years of development, it has formed a complete and efficient model of raw material procurement, product production, new product development and sales.

4. Market position

As a leading enterprise in the market segment of precision shafts and precision cutting parts in China, Demax has actively digested and absorbed leading manufacturing technologies and processes at home and abroad, introduced advanced production equipment from abroad, and cooperated with universities in Industry-University-Research in many fields, thus meeting customers’ demands for high quality, short delivery time and multiple models. Demax has always paid attention to management, innovation and sustainable development, with a wide range of products, stable quality and strong supply capacity, and has continuously increased the proportion of new energy automobile parts. It has passed the certification of IATF16949 quality management system, ISO9001 quality management system, ISO14001 environmental management system and GB/T29490-2013 intellectual property management system. Demax adheres to the fine tradition of "concentration, professionalism and dedication", and has accumulated a series of core technologies through long-term independent research and development, covering the whole production process of major products. The core technology level is in the forefront of the industry, and the patents cover the fields of process development, technology development and equipment development. As of the disclosure date of this report, the company and its subsidiaries have 47 invention patents and 33 utility model patents.

Demax has established strategic cooperative relations with many world-renowned first-class supporting suppliers of large multinational auto parts. Over the years, we have obtained Bosch, Toyota, DENSO, Aisin Seiki, Valeo, borgwarner, mahle, Marelli, Fully recognized by world-renowned auto parts suppliers such as Vitesco Technologies, Schaeffler and Johnson Electric, among the top ten global auto parts suppliers in 2023, four chose to cooperate with Demais. Demax has strong market competitiveness and brand awareness in the field of precision shaft and precision cutting parts manufacturing, and has been rated as the fourth batch of national service-oriented manufacturing demonstration enterprises, national intellectual property demonstration enterprises and intelligent factories in Liaoning Province, and won the title of "Little Giant" in the second batch of national specialization and novelty. The company’s technology center has been awarded as Dalian municipal enterprise technology center and Liaoning provincial enterprise technology center, the company’s precision shaft advanced manufacturing engineering research center has been awarded as Dalian municipal engineering research center, and the company’s trademark has been awarded as a well-known trademark in China.

5. Performance drivers

(1) Industry prosperity

The company’s industry is auto parts and accessories manufacturing, and the industry prosperity is an important factor driving the company’s performance. The high industry prosperity and strong supply and demand can effectively promote the company’s performance. At present, the automobile and its parts industry is still the global industrial base. With the continuous improvement of the penetration rate of new energy vehicles, the competitiveness of China’s automobile industry chain has been continuously enhanced, and the industry will still maintain a high prosperity.

(2) Technology research and development

Technical progress is an indispensable performance driver for manufacturing enterprises. Demax has always paid attention to R&D and technical investment, and has always maintained a leading position in the industry. Patented technology covers the whole process of the company. In addition, the company also has a number of non-patented core technologies. In recent years, the company has continuously strengthened the construction of digitalization and intelligence, effectively improved the level of production technology and intelligence, and cooperated with relevant universities and enterprises to create "Smart Demeishi". Excellent technology is the guarantee of Demax’s good performance and the cornerstone of Demax’s rapid development in the future.

(3) Management level

Management progress is the key factor driving enterprise performance. Scientific management can effectively improve work efficiency, reduce costs, enhance enterprise cohesion, establish a good corporate image, win wide praise from customers and suppliers, and help companies seize the opportunity of industrial development, thus effectively improving business performance. Demais has continuously improved its management level, continuously improved its organization, system and system construction, and has a smooth work, with a number of provincial and municipal management progress achievements. Demais pays attention to continuous learning, introduces "amoeba management mode", summarizes advanced management knowledge and experience, strengthens talent echelon construction, develops ERP system, and strengthens digital construction to serve enterprise management decision-making. With the development of the company’s digital management platform, the company’s management level will be improved by leaps and bounds, thus promoting the high-quality and sustainable development of enterprises.

6. Operation during the reporting period

(1) Market and product development

During the reporting period, Demais dug deep into customer demand, tapped market potential, and actively explored new customers and new products. The sales revenue of Mitsubishi, stoba and Hangzhou Xinjian Electromechanical Transmission Co., Ltd. increased by 11.72%, 165.21% and 1,977.77% respectively. New orders in hand were 206.56 million yuan, of which 70.54 million yuan was used for new energy vehicle projects, accounting for 36.33%. At present, DeMashi has become Bosch, Schaeffler, Aisin Seiki, borgwarner, Marelli, Toyota Loom, Vitesco Technologies, Johnson Electric, Wandu Bose, LG, UMC, Honeycomb, Weishi Energy, Shenzhen Zhaowei, STABILUS and other customers provide spare parts related to new energy vehicles. According to the company’s understanding, the end users of new energy vehicle products include Tesla, (), Volkswagen, Toyota, Honda, Ideality, Weilai, Tucki, Xiaomi, Chang ‘an, Geely, Chery, Wuling Automobile and Wenjie Automobile.

During the reporting period, a) more than 50 mass-produced products were added, including 13 products for new energy vehicles, 9 products for automobile platforms and 2 products for non-automobile industries; Many new energy automobile products are finally used in LI and Xpeng Motors; One directional screw was finally used in Xiaomi car; Two wiper shafts are used in Chang ‘an pure electric vehicles; A hydrogen energy fuel cell air compressor part was used in Bosch hydrogen energy fuel cell electronic air compressor, and finally used in hydrogen energy commercial vehicles. During the reporting period, it was mass-produced with a contract value of about 7.6 million yuan.

B) 46 designated products were added, of which 2 electric vehicle axles were used in the second generation electric drive system of electric vehicles; A high-pressure pump device was finally used in SAIC-GM-Wuling plug-in hybrid vehicle; A high-pressure pump and plunger are finally used in the most advanced fuel injection system project of Changan Automobile Platform. A variety of brake system shafts are used in the 4th generation fully integrated pure electric vehicle drive platform project of Vitesco Technologies.

Among non-auto parts products, three types of pins are used in robot reducers; One motor shaft is used in high-end medical electric sickbed; The end users of various laser radar-driven motor shafts include Weilai Automobile, Xpeng Motors, etc. All the above products are in the fixed-point stage.

(2) Technology and process development

During the reporting period, the R&D expenditure was RMB16,497,700, up by 50.71% year-on-year, and the main achievements were as follows:

A) Automobile electronic power steering torsion bar: The torsion bar is one of the important parts of the automobile steering system, which is responsible for transmitting the steering torque and requires high product strength. By using quenched and tempered raw materials (heat treatment process), scientifically selecting cutting tools, optimizing machining parameters of machine tools, and adopting specific processes, Demais has finished product processing in hard material state, and successfully conquered shot blasting process (a surface treatment process).

B) Hollow drive shaft of new energy electric vehicle: this product is the core component of the motor system of new energy electric vehicle. This product is a hollow spline shaft with many processing elements, complex shape and high precision requirements, which requires high-precision processing technologies such as gear shaping, carburizing heat treatment, finishing after heat treatment and cylindrical grinding. Demais has carried out special research and tackled technical problems through equipment selection, fixture design, cutting tools and optimization of machining parameters of machine tools, which has met the needs of customers and been recognized by customers, and is currently in the fixed-point stage.

C) Direction adjusting lead screw: This product is the key part of electric adjustment of automobile steering wheel. By combining the experience of the original lead screw product and through a series of process research and development, Demax Inter-departmental Team has successfully solved the burr problem caused by intermittent cutting of product threads, and successfully developed the high-precision cross-rolling forming technology. At present, the project has passed the customer’s review.

D) New wiper shaft: This wiper shaft has a unique straight step design and fixed number of teeth, which puts forward higher requirements for machining accuracy.

Demax Technology Department has carried out special research, successfully completed product development and met customer technical standards through a series of process development and design of special tooling.

E) Gearbox mechanism shaft: This product is used in automobile gearbox mechanism. By optimizing the parameters of high-end CNC lathe and improving its own processing technology and fixture design, Demais has met the requirements of high-precision diameter, shape and position tolerance and roughness.

F) Electronic handbrake brake screw: This product is one of the important components in the automobile braking system, and it is responsible for transmitting the braking signal to make the automobile braking system generate braking force. Demais solved the problem of high-precision screw processing through technical research; According to the characteristics of screw rod, a special fixture was designed to solve the problem of long step machining of screw rod, and the product was recognized by customers.

G) Further improvement of equipment automation level: During the reporting period, the engineering R&D department of the company gave full play to the role of equipment by rationally allocating and transforming equipment and setting up automatic production lines, so as to achieve the effects of process connection, further reducing comprehensive cost and improving production efficiency, and completed the design and transformation of more than 50 equipment in 18 projects, including automatic loading and unloading, online detection, online compensation, automatic production line and single machine automation (including projects under installation and debugging), among which automatic full inspection machines were successfully developed. Through the projection image measurement technology, the equipment can automatically identify the product direction and automatically separate the defective products, which can further save the labor cost of the company’s product inspection and improve the product inspection efficiency.

(3) Production and quality control

During the reporting period, the company took the following measures to further promote lean production level, reduce costs and increase efficiency, and improve production efficiency:

A) Multi-dimensional deepening of quality improvement and cost reduction achievements

During the reporting period, the cost control center set up a number of project teams, among which the informatization team used the company’s digital platform to provide system and big data support, and the production department, technical department, quality department and other relevant departments worked together to set core indicators for key products, effectively improving production efficiency and product qualification rate by optimizing production rhythm, improving processing technology, optimizing machine accessories, introducing automation transformation and special technical training, and successfully improving the qualification rate of more than 40 key products; The Planning Department optimizes the existing cost analysis mode, and further strengthens the cost control through target decomposition, supplier assessment, supplier direct supply/substitution, etc. Among them, the cost control of auxiliary materials for tools and drills has achieved certain results, and the supplier management has achieved remarkable results.

B) optimize the management mode.

In June, 2023, the company introduced the "Amoeba Management Mode", in order to improve the overall efficiency by optimizing business processes, redefining responsibilities and rights after combing production workshop processes, giving full play to employees’ subjective initiative, stimulating employees’ teamwork ability and innovative spirit, further comprehensively reducing and optimizing operating costs.

C) Take measures to improve production efficiency.

During the reporting period, the production capacity of key products was improved, the process was optimized, the quality was improved and the cost was reduced through measures such as debugging and processing of key processes by special personnel; Set up a sample center and an inter-departmental team to improve the efficiency of production organization by scientifically arranging pre-investment and delivery plans and optimizing production rhythm based on product characteristics and technology; Improve the layout of multiple workshops and comprehensively improve the efficiency of production and operation.

(4) Smart factories

A) digital platform project

The company accelerates the construction of digital platform and builds a smart factory with high efficiency, high quality and low operating cost. The company cooperates with the Artificial Intelligence Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology and Dalian Angel Technology Co., Ltd. to design and develop a brand-new digital platform. The digital platform adopts the development mode of pilot follow-up, iterative development, summary and improvement, and comprehensive roll-out, so as to create a digital platform with the mode of inheritance, sustainable development and testing while developing, fully digitize the company’s business processes, make management transparent, digital and visual, and facilitate the management team to control the overall situation and formulate corresponding solutions anytime and anywhere; Let employees clearly understand their daily work tasks, and the work results are more intuitive; Let the relevant parties of the company know the business progress with Demex in a timely and convenient way.

During the reporting period, Demax completed the sorting and optimization of the overall business process of the digital platform system, established a more comprehensive information and data association, optimized the operation convenience of the business process on the digital platform, and provided more flexible data query and other functions; Discuss and cooperate with operators to build a 5G private network scheme to ensure the stability and responsiveness of the internal basic network environment after the company builds a digital platform; The data acquisition project has completed the investigation of more than ten data acquisition service providers, and explored the data acquisition scheme suitable for the company. At present, it has entered the stage of scheme review and on-site trial mining, and built the company’s Internet of Things platform to further improve the intelligent manufacturing level of enterprises. In view of the fact that there is no mature intelligent scheduling solution for discrete manufacturing enterprises in China at present, Demais decided to design the intelligent scheduling solution independently and complete the scheme development work together with the software company, and has initially completed the scheme framework design.

B) intelligent warehousing project

The company has established an intelligent storage system, which uses intelligent vision recognition forklift and narrow lane three-way unmanned forklift to complete the tasks of product connection, handling, entry and exit, and introduces the dispatching system and warehouse management system of unmanned forklift. During the reporting period, after more than half a year’s trial operation, the intelligent warehousing system has continuously optimized the working logic and the forking action of the unmanned forklift, effectively improving the operating efficiency of the system. At present, the overall operation of the project is in good condition.

(5) Strengthen the construction of internal control system and the management of investor relations.

A) The company continuously promotes enterprises in accordance with the regulatory laws, regulations and systems of China Securities Regulatory Commission and Shenzhen Stock Exchange on the standardized operation of listed companies.

Industry governance ability, improve the company’s various rules and regulations and internal control system, strive to build a more scientific, efficient and reasonable management decision-making system, improve the internal control system, and strengthen the company’s organizational management ability.

During the reporting period, according to the latest requirements of the regulatory authorities and the changes in the actual situation of the company, the company further improved the internal control system, formulated the Management System for Share Repurchase, the Internal Control and Information Disclosure System for Derivatives Investment, the File Management System for Investor Relations, the Management System for Submission and Use of External Information, and revised the Accountability System for Major Errors in Information Disclosure of Annual Reports, the Work System for Independent Directors and the Management System for Directors, Supervisors and Senior Managers Holding Company Shares and Their Changes. Continue to strengthen the supervision of the Internal Audit Department on the implementation of the company’s internal control system, improve the depth and breadth of internal audit work, and put forward clear audit suggestions and urge them to improve according to the problems found in the process of walking through and checking. Further enhance the awareness of risk prevention of directors, supervisors, senior managers and relevant middle managers, improve the awareness of compliance management, strengthen the awareness and responsibility of internal control of the board of directors and key positions, effectively promote the standardized operation of the company and the continuous improvement of its governance mechanism, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the company.

B) The company implements the core concept of Investor Relations Management System, attaches importance to investor relations management, and exchanges information through telephone and Shenzhen Stock Exchange.

Keep good daily communication with investors through various channels such as Dongyi. During the reporting period, the company held the "2022 Online Performance Briefing" to interact with investors and answer their concerns. Among them, the response rate of interactive investors’ questions was 100%, and investors’ surveys were received many times, which improved the quality of company information disclosure in multiple dimensions, further increased the transparency and standardization of the company and effectively protected the rights and interests of small and medium investors.

6. Carry out in-depth and sustained cooperation in Industry-University-Research.

Demais pays attention to Industry-University-Research cooperation, establishes enterprise engineering research center, makes full use of scientific research and teachers in colleges and universities, gives full play to the advantages of the company’s equipment, technology and technology, combines the strong and powerful, promotes the development progress of key projects, and digs deep into cutting-edge technologies to promote the company’s technological upgrading. During the reporting period, the main achievements are as follows:

(1) Apply for the project of Intelligent Manufacturing of Key Axles of Power System of New Energy Vehicles, a special fund for regional coordinated development in Liaoning Province in 2023.

The project makes full use of the technology of "Industrial internet plus Intelligent Manufacturing". After the completion of the project, the intelligent manufacturing level of key shaft parts of the power system of Demax new energy vehicle will be greatly improved, and the industrialization of motor spindle and gearbox gear of new energy vehicle will be realized.

(2) Demais signed a cooperation agreement with the School of Mechanical Engineering of Dalian University of Technology in Industry-University-Research, and participated in the transformation project "Special Equipment for Hot-air Forming of Metal Thin-walled Special-shaped Components" in Liaoning Province in 2023, which is being promoted in an orderly manner.

7. Subsidiaries enter the ranks of first-class supporting suppliers for automobiles.

During the reporting period, subsidiary Jinhua De set up a PBS workshop after purchasing equipment. As of the disclosure date of this report, Jinhua De has signed the Framework Agreement/Purchase Contract with Volkswagen FAW Engine (Dalian) Co., Ltd., Jaguar Land Rover and BMTS (Boma Technology) respectively to supply automobile parts and components such as balancer main shaft, balancer unit, turbocharger parts, sprocket assembly, intake/exhaust shaft sleeve, etc. as agreed. At present, it has sold products directly to the vehicle manufacturers Volkswagen FAW and Jaguar Land Rover, and indirectly to Shanghai General Motors. The company expanded its product range, from auto parts to auto parts and components, and entered the ranks of first-class supporting suppliers of automobiles, further enhancing the company’s comprehensive competitive strength. In the future, the company will continue to deepen the field of auto parts and components, actively develop new products, and take this opportunity to open up more OEM customers.

8. Future product planning

Maintain the steady growth of traditional business, increase the market share of products, and further consolidate and consolidate Demax’s leading position in existing superior products; Build a matrix organizational structure management model based on project management, further strengthen the development of new energy vehicles (hydrogen-containing energy vehicles) products and customers, focus on the layout of new energy vehicle motor systems, thermal management systems and driverless fields, and increase the development of new energy vehicle motor shafts, toothed shafts and hydrogen energy vehicle parts; Actively explore new fields, based on the long-term precipitation of Demax’s specialized and precise parts, use the advantages of precision machining technology and sophisticated equipment, increase the layout of shafts and precision cutting parts in various robot transmission and drive systems, and strengthen the development of industrial products such as machine tool servo systems and reducers.

Second, the core competitiveness analysis

Demais adheres to the fine tradition of "professionalism, dedication and concentration". Since its establishment, Demais has been deeply involved in the field of precision parts processing focusing on precision shafts and precision cutting parts, and its core management team and key technicians are stable. The core management team is diligent and dedicated, with rich industry experience and enterprise management experience, strong execution and keen market responsiveness; Key technical personnel make great efforts to continuously promote and upgrade the company’s technological progress. After years of management and technology accumulation, Demax has formed core competitive advantages in the field of precision shafts and precision parts, such as leading technology, stable quality, excellent equipment, well-known brand and large-scale production, thus promoting the company’s sustained, stable and rapid development.

1. Leading technology

Since its establishment, Demais has always paid attention to technical research and process improvement, adhered to the concept of "leading technology and technological innovation", and has strong technical development and innovation capabilities. In cooperation with well-known customers around the world, we keep abreast of the latest technical standards in the industry and establish a perfect product testing technology and evaluation system. The company increased investment in R&D by cultivating and attracting outstanding technical talents and purchasing advanced machinery and equipment, and maintained its dominant position in technology research and development. In the long-term development process, the production technology level of the company’s products has been greatly improved, and the production equipment has been automatically transformed, repeatedly transformed and re-developed, and equipped with self-developed software, which has greatly improved the production efficiency and intelligence level of the equipment. The production equipment transformed by the company can realize the functions of automatic identification, online detection, online feedback, automatic compensation, automatic loading and unloading, automatic processing, automatic data recording, etc., further reducing costs and increasing efficiency, improving the company’s intelligent level, and the technology is at the advanced level in the industry.

During the reporting period, the company and its subsidiaries filed 3 patents, including 2 invention patents and 1 utility model patent; Nine patents were granted, including three inventions and six utility model patents. As of the disclosure date of this report, the company and its subsidiaries have 47 invention patents, 33 utility model patents and 24 software copyrights, covering the fields of process development, technology development and equipment development.

2, the quality is stable

The quality of automobile parts is related to personal safety, and there are high standards and requirements for the quality, performance and safety of products. In particular, enterprises that manufacture such products must carry out stricter inspection and control on the quality of products. At the system operation level, the company passed the general IATF16949:2016 quality management system certification in the automobile industry and passed the ISO9001 quality management system certification; At the level of system construction, the company has formulated standard business processes and operation manuals, and used quality management tools for daily quality control according to the requirements of the quality management system; On the operational flow level, the company implements barcode management and builds a digital platform, which can carry out strict batch management of products and realize functions such as visual data and full information traceability. In terms of testing equipment, the company has high-precision testing equipment such as Zeiss, Sanfeng CMM and Mal image measuring instrument to monitor the process quality. In terms of employees’ professional skills, in addition to organizing regular/irregular internal special trainings, external quality trainings such as VDA6.3 (German Automobile Industry Quality Standard-Process Audit), P-FEMA (Process Failure Mode and Consequence Analysis) and CQI-9 (Heat Treatment System Evaluation) are carried out to improve the professional level of quality managers and enhance the quality awareness of operators. The company’s stable and reliable product quality has been fully recognized by customers, laying a solid foundation for market development.

3. Excellent equipment

While actively transforming the original equipment, the company pays attention to the advanced technological process of the global auto parts manufacturing industry, constantly updates sophisticated equipment, and purchases dozens of advanced equipment such as Tornos eight-station combined lathes in Switzerland, six-station and eight-station CNC lathes in Germany, and Mykrosa unintentional cutting grinder in Germany, which has the characteristics of high precision, high speed and high reliability, and is at the international leading level in the industry, effectively enhancing the company’s comprehensive strength.

4. Well-known brand

After years of market development and cultivation, the company has a stable customer base and established long-term and stable cooperative relations with many world-renowned auto parts suppliers. The products are sold to North America, Europe, Japan and other countries and regions. Among the top ten global auto parts suppliers in 2023, four chose to cooperate with Demax. The company has won many honors, such as global supplier award, annual innovative supplier, excellent supplier, preferred supplier and quality excellence award in the Asia-Pacific region, etc., and enjoys high popularity and good reputation in the same industry. The registered trademark of the company was awarded as a well-known trademark in China. On the one hand, brand effect enhances the influence of products and the strength of the company, attracts more customer resources, on the other hand, it also brings lasting and stable benefits to the company.

5. Mass production

The auto parts industry is a capital-intensive industry, with a relatively high degree of marketization and fierce competition. Vehicle manufacturers and first-class parts suppliers have higher requirements for the quality stability and timeliness of qualified suppliers. The company has the strength to undertake large orders and respond quickly, and has strong competitiveness in the industry.

Iii. Risks faced by the Company and Countermeasures

1. Risks faced by the company:

There may be risks in operation, product quality control, finance and equity dispersion in the company’s operation.

(1) Operational risks

A) risk of macroeconomic fluctuation

The company’s main products are precision shafts and precision cutting parts, and its downstream fields are mainly automobile parts industry. The demand of downstream industries is closely related to the macro-economy. The periodic fluctuations of international and domestic macro-economy and the changes in consumption capacity and consumption demand caused by unexpected events will have an impact on the products produced and sold by the company. If the macro-economy continues to deteriorate, the economy will decline, the downstream automobile industry of the company will be depressed or major adverse changes will occur, which will have an adverse impact on the company’s production and operation.

B) Risk of price fluctuation of main raw materials

The main raw material for the company’s production is steel, and the price change of steel is one of the main factors for the company’s production cost change. With the increase of the company’s sales revenue, the actual consumption of steel is also increasing. If the steel price continues to fluctuate greatly in the future, it will directly affect the company’s production cost and gross profit margin. If the product price cannot be adjusted or taken in time, it will affect the company’s performance.

C) Risk of decline in production and sales of automobile industry

The decline of production and sales in the automobile industry has a great impact on the automobile parts industry. For example, if the production and sales of automobiles decline in the future, the company’s order demand may face fluctuations, which will have a negative impact on the company’s production and operation.

(2) Product quality control risk

The company’s main customers are internationally renowned auto parts suppliers, and customers have strict requirements on the quality of products. If the company’s product quality problems cause losses to end customers, it may lead to the risk of paying back the claims to customers or even terminating the cooperation relationship, which will have a significant adverse impact on the company’s business development.

(3) Financial risks

A) Risk of bad debts in accounts receivable

By the end of the reporting period, the company’s balance of accounts receivable was 183,286,600 yuan, accounting for 62.89% of the current operating income. Most of the company’s customers are large-scale auto parts suppliers with strong strength and long-term cooperative relationship, with good capital status, high credit rating and low risk of bad debts. The company has made corresponding bad debt reserves in accordance with accounting standards. With the expansion of the company’s future business scale and the increase in the number of customers, the risk of bad debts of accounts receivable caused by the deterioration of the financial situation of individual customers or poor management of accounts receivable of the company cannot be ruled out.

B) risk of inventory impairment

As of the end of the reporting period, the company’s inventory balance was 114,344,500 yuan, and the company’s main inventory has corresponding orders or production plans. However, if the customer’s order demand cannot be met due to factors such as product quality and delivery cycle, or the customer adjusts or cancels the order due to fluctuations in the downstream market demand of the products, the company’s products may not be sold normally, which will lead to the loss of inventory, which will adversely affect the company’s operation.

C) exchange risk

During the reporting period, the export income accounted for 31.92% of the main business income, and part of the company’s production equipment and raw materials were purchased from abroad.

At the same time, the company’s customers are mainly well-known suppliers in the global auto parts industry, while foreign customers and suppliers and companies generally use foreign currency for settlement. If the exchange rate of foreign currency against RMB fluctuates greatly, it will have a certain impact on the company’s operating performance.

D) risk of impairment of goodwill

In October 2018, the company acquired the remaining 77.5% equity of Jinhua De, and Jinhua De became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the company. At the end of the reporting period, the amount of goodwill confirmed by the company due to the acquisition was RMB 50,744,100. If Jinhua De’s operation can’t realize the income well in the future, the goodwill formed by the acquisition of Jinhua De’s equity will have the risk of impairment, which will adversely affect the company’s operating performance.

(4) the risk of equity diversification

The company’s equity is relatively scattered, and the controlling shareholder Demex Investment holds 16.73% of the shares, so there is a risk that the controlling stake will be unstable. If the control right changes, it may have a certain impact on the company’s business or management.

2. In view of possible risks, the Company has taken and plans to take countermeasures:

(1) Building "Wisdom and Virtue"

Demais will further strengthen digital and intelligent investment and realize the transformation from manufacturing to intelligent manufacturing as soon as possible; Optimize the company’s technology and production process, introduce advanced equipment at home and abroad, transform equipment to improve automation level, improve production efficiency, reduce redundant personnel, build a smart factory with high quality, high efficiency and low operating cost, and ensure the company’s dominant position in industry competition.

(2) Strengthen product competitiveness and increase customer development.

Demax has always adhered to the core business philosophy of "all customer needs are the center", taking customers as the guide, strengthening customer management, enhancing customer stickiness with products with better product quality and service and more cost-effective advantages, and further consolidating and developing the strategic cooperative relationship with customers; Through continuous process improvement and perfection of existing products, the technical performance of products is improved; Actively track the competitive situation of the industry, grasp the wind direction of the industry, and flexibly adjust the market competition strategy and management strategy; Through technological innovation and advantages, we will improve the joint development capacity and production capacity of new products, continue to strengthen the development and follow-up of customers’ new energy auto parts business, actively expand the application fields of products and gain new profit growth points.

(3) Strengthen the efforts to control fees and reduce costs.

Relying on the cost control center, we will continue to deepen the achievements of improving quality, reducing costs and increasing efficiency through effective management measures such as cost consumption control, cost control in production and operation process and quality cost control, and continuously improve the profitability and cost control ability of enterprises; By combining the advantages of bank credit promotion with the characteristics of procurement and sales, we can further control costs with customers and suppliers of the company in a win-win situation; Reduce raw material costs by strengthening diversified and closer strategic cooperation with raw material suppliers and integrating raw material categories; Continuously improve the level of lean management and optimize and improve the operation in a whole chain and system.

(4) Promote the company’s management level to a new level.

Formulate long-term and short-term performance incentive assessment systems, systems and schemes, so that the company’s management and core employees can share the dividends of the company’s performance growth; Strengthen the talent echelon construction of company executives and middle-level cadres, and encourage and support the introduction of more young and capable employees into the core decision-making and executive levels; Promote and encourage the company’s senior executives and core employees to strengthen exchanges and study with the outside world, broaden their eyes, learn from advanced management models, and promote the company’s high-quality sustainable development.

(5) Improve the R&D system and consolidate the technological strength.

Further establish and improve the technological innovation mechanism, actively participate in the joint development system of customers’ products, carry out forward-looking development of technical routes, and continuously improve the product development capability, the manufacturing capability of complex process precision parts, the proportion of high value-added products, and the product yield; Create a good R&D mechanism and innovative atmosphere, strengthen cooperation in Industry-University-Research, strive to recruit and introduce talents to build a high-level R&D team, and form a professional technical R&D echelon in the field of precision shafts and precision cutting parts; Continuously optimize production technology, greatly improve production efficiency, enrich product lines, and develop new key products, so as to further expand market share and reduce production costs with the advantages of centralized large-scale production.

(6) Enhance the ability to cope with exchange rate risks.

Proceeding from the business objectives and overall business layout, the Company has continuously improved the exchange rate risk management system, selected more favorable settlement methods and settlement time points, prevented exchange rate risks by using derivative financial instruments, timely tracking and mastering exchange rate fluctuations, and strengthened cooperation with financial institutions such as banks, so as to enhance the sensitivity and response ability to exchange rate changes.

(7) Make Demaishi bigger and stronger

In order to smoothly implement the company’s future development plan and objectives, the company will further obtain financial support through bank loans, financial leasing, issuance of corporate bonds, shares and other financing methods. If the conditions are ripe in the future development process, it is not excluded to expand the production scale, acquire advanced technology and increase sales channels through overseas acquisitions, so as to further enhance the cooperation level between the company and large auto parts enterprises in a short time and increase the comprehensive competitiveness of the company.

(8) Maintain the stability of the company’s control rights in the future.

The controlling shareholder, actual controller, more than 5% shareholders and four non-independent directors who are senior managers of the company have issued relevant commitments to maintain the stability of the company’s control rights in the future.

Supreme Law: Next year, we will focus on promoting the network to automatically capture the information of the list of untrustworthy executors.

   Preface: In 2016, China’s political and legal organs made progress step by step, actively responded to people’s concerns, and pressed the "fast forward button" to comprehensively promote the rule of law. This website will launch "Awesome, word‘ The elder brother of politics and law ’ " The year-end series of reports on the rule of law interviewed the heads of the Central Political and Legal Committee, the Supreme Law, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the relevant departments of the Ministry of Public Security, and made an authoritative interpretation of the progress of the rule of law in China in 2016 and the work priorities for next year.

   Xinhuanet Beijing, December 12 (Reporter Yu Ziru, Lu Junyu) In 2016, through information sharing and credit punishment cooperation with other departments, the Supreme People’s Court built a big pattern of joint punishment for people who broke their promises in one place and were restricted everywhere. What is the specific effect? What other major measures will be taken next year? Xinhua reporter recently interviewed Meng Xiang, director of the Executive Board of the Supreme People’s Court.

   This year, more than 7.3 million people were restricted from buying air tickets, and more than 1.9 million people bought train tickets.

   Xinhua Net: This year, in terms of accurately cracking down on Lao Lai, the Supreme Court has played a beautiful "combination boxing". Please introduce the effects of these combination boxing in detail.

   Meng Xiang: We have achieved good legal and social effects in punishing dishonesty.

   First, it is conducive to solving the implementation difficulties and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the people. Up to now, we have restricted more than 7.3 million people to buy air tickets and more than 1.9 million people to buy train tickets. Restrict untrustworthy people from serving as legal representatives and senior executives of enterprises for more than 67,000 people. China Industrial and Commercial Bank alone refused to apply for loans and handle more than 550,000 credit cards, involving more than 6.5 billion yuan. The adoption of these measures has created a great deterrent. More than 580,000 people who have broken their promises have voluntarily fulfilled their obligations set out in legal documents, and a number of cases that have been difficult to implement for a long time have been successfully concluded. There are still many people who have been executed, forced by the powerful deterrent of the joint punishment system, voluntarily fulfilled their legal obligations in advance, effectively alleviating the difficulties in execution and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the people.

   The CPC Central Committee has attached great importance to the joint punishment of those who have broken their promises. In June this year, the central leading group for comprehensive deepening reform adopted the Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Credit Supervision, Warning and Punishment Mechanism for those who have broken their promises. On September 14th, the Central Office and the State Council officially issued a document, which is a programmatic document for joint credit punishment of those who have broken their promises and also provides an important policy basis for our joint credit punishment. It marks the initial formation of the difficult work pattern of comprehensive management under the leadership of the Party Committee, coordination of the Political and Legal Committee, supervision of the National People’s Congress, government support, court sponsorship, departmental cooperation and participation of all sectors of society, which will further enhance the ability of implementation and effectively solve the implementation problems.

   Second, it has enriched the enforcement means of the people’s courts and safeguarded the legal dignity and judicial authority. The people’s eyes are discerning, and the life and business conditions of the executed person cannot be completely "insulated" from the society. Due to the publication and exposure of the list of people who have broken their promises, it is possible to expose the whereabouts and property of the people who have been executed, which is conducive to solving the difficulty of "it is difficult to find people and find money". It has always been a "long-standing problem" for the person subjected to execution to evade execution and resist execution. For a long time, the people’s courts have lacked effective means to crack down on it, and it is sometimes difficult to achieve practical results by detention, fines and even criminal sanctions. Moreover, these coercive measures have strict applicable conditions and procedures, and their scope of application is limited and they cannot be over-applied. Joint credit punishment measures have expanded the enforcement means of the people’s courts, effectively and accurately cracked down on behaviors such as evading execution and resisting execution, effectively improved the enforcement ability of the people’s courts and safeguarded legal dignity and judicial authority.

   Third, it is conducive to preventing risks. The Supreme People’s Court has shared the information of the person subject to breach of trust with the People’s Bank of China and many banking financial institutions. Financial institutions can avoid financial risks by refusing to grant loans to the untrustworthy parties when conducting credit review. When signing contracts and conducting transactions, many market entities inquire in advance in the list of people who have broken their promises to confirm whether the transaction object has broken their promises, which is an important reference and consideration for whether to trade with them, so as to reduce the transaction risk.

   The fourth is to promote the construction of social credit system. Justice plays a role in regulating, guiding, evaluating and leading the society. By punishing "Lao Lai" according to law, we can encourage honesty, punish dishonesty, guide people to consciously fulfill their legal obligations and social responsibilities, protect behaviors that conform to social integrity, and punish behaviors that violate social integrity. We can continuously strengthen people’s awareness of integrity, and gradually internalize this awareness into people’s moral literacy, shape new behavior patterns, and promote the construction of social integrity system. Up to now, according to incomplete statistics, 4,504 staff members of government agencies and institutions, 1,310 deputies to grass-roots people’s congresses, 513 members of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and 187 party representatives have been included in the list of people who have lost their trust. Among them, 31 staff members of government agencies and institutions were dismissed due to dishonesty, 25 were dismissed, 23 were demoted, 383 were affected in relevant qualifications, 89 were cancelled in recruitment or promotion, and 100 grassroots representatives and members were dismissed. The punishment for these special subjects’ dishonesty has played a good exemplary role and effectively promoted the government’s integrity.

   In addition, the people’s court’s joint credit punishment for those who have lost their trust has also accumulated useful experience that can be copied and popularized for the joint credit punishment in other fields in China, and has made positive contributions to the construction of the integrity system of the whole country and society.

   Make use of new media to continuously expand the exposure of untrustworthy list and form public pressure.

   Xinhuanet: What role did the new media play in punishing Lao Lai?

   Meng Xiang: As a new media form, the new media is deeply welcomed and loved by the broad masses, and its influence is getting wider and wider. The people’s courts can’t punish dishonesty without the participation and support of the new media. At the beginning of the launch of the list of untrustworthy executors, the Supreme Court and People’s Daily jointly launched the "list of untrustworthy executors", which announced the top 100 untrustworthy executors based on the amount of dishonesty, the time of dishonesty, the number of dishonesty, and the age of dishonesty. The Supreme People’s Court’s official Weibo and WeChat were also used to open the "exposure desk for untrustworthy executors", exposing one natural person and one legal person every day, and regularly exposing typical disciplinary cases of dishonesty; Use the search engine of Baidu Chinese platform to publish the list information of untrustworthy executors to netizens around the world; On the website of Credit China, the information of the list of people who have been executed in breach of trust will be displayed. In addition, many local courts have also made creative explorations. Apart from traditional media such as TV and newspapers, they have widely publicized information through WeChat, Weibo, touch screens of financial institutions, electronic screens in public places, making cartoons, etc., constantly expanding the exposure of untrustworthy lists, expanding their influence and forming public pressure.

   The Supreme Court also cooperated with Internet companies to incorporate the list information of untrustworthy executors into the credit evaluation system as an important evaluation index of enterprises, and promoted the credit punishment of untrustworthy executors in the context of Internet production and operation. For example, restrict those who are untrustworthy from applying for Ali microfinance; Restrict the person who is untrustworthy from purchasing air tickets, train soft sleepers, insurance wealth management products and services such as car rental, travel and vacation through Taobao or Tmall platforms; Restrict the booking of hotels and hotels with more than three stars; Restrict other high-consumption behaviors of the person who is untrustworthy in the scene of Internet production and operation. As of December 1, 2016, Sesame Credit has restricted more than 620,000 people from buying air tickets, renting cars, loans, etc. through its credit platform, and more than 41,000 people have paid off their debts, of which more than 7,000 people have been evading execution for two or three years.

   Next year, we will focus on promoting the network to automatically capture the information of the list of untrustworthy executors.

   Xinhuanet: What other important punishment measures will be introduced next year?

   Xinhuanet: In the Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Credit Supervision, Warning and Punishment Mechanism for People with Dishonesty, there are more than 100 disciplinary measures for people with dishonesty in 11 categories, involving all aspects of daily life and production and operation. It should be said that the field and scope of punishment are very extensive. The focus of next year’s work is to further implement the Opinions, so that all disciplinary measures stipulated in the Opinions can be effectively implemented. The "Opinions" specifically stipulates the ways to implement disciplinary measures, requiring all information systems of joint disciplinary units to be connected with the joint disciplinary system of the national credit information sharing platform, automatically capture the list information of untrustworthy executors through the network, and timely feedback the disciplinary situation. At the same time, all units are required to speed up the informatization construction of credit punishment, and embed the information of the list of people who have broken their trust into the information management, approval and work system of their own units, so as to realize automatic comparison, automatic interception, automatic supervision and automatic punishment of the list information of people who have broken their trust in the management, approval and work procedures of their own units. Next year, we will focus on promoting this joint disciplinary mechanism.

   At the same time, before the automatic interception and automatic punishment mechanism is realized, we will also promote the implementation of some key disciplinary measures as the key points. For example, on September 22nd this year, the Supreme Court, together with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Commerce, the State Railway Administration, and the Civil Aviation Administration of China, jointly issued the Notice on Implementing Joint Punishment for People who have broken their promises in tendering and bidding activities, which restricts the bidding and bid evaluation activities of people who have broken their promises. We will work with relevant departments to focus on implementation.

Listed on November 10! Aouita 12 is expected to start at 320,000 yuan.

  There are still two months left this year, but the new cars to be listed are heavier than one. Just these days, Aouita 12 announced that it will be officially listed on November 10th, and will start delivery before the end of the year, with an estimated discount price of about 320,000 yuan. It’s only been two months since Aouita 12 made its debut at the Munich Motor Show, and this listing speed is enough to cheer fans.

  Aouita 12 is expected by the fans most, which must be its intelligent strength. Thanks to Huawei’s technology, Aouita 12 is equipped with HarmonyOS 4.0 system, which undoubtedly has the leading strength in the same class. In addition, Huawei’s advanced smart driving ADS 2.0 can also bring a safer car experience. Although the specific details have not been disclosed yet, we can "spy" on Aouita 11. Among them, the GAEB function pioneered by Huawei can accurately identify abnormal obstacles on the road compared with the traditional AEB function, and can achieve emergency braking up to 70 km/h. In addition, Aouita has already started the NCA without maps, and has taken the lead in covering six cities. The second batch will cover another 16 cities and the whole country within this year, and it can drive without relying on high-precision maps, making it the first echelon in the industry. Of course, the extent to which Aouita 12 will evolve on this basis is also expected by fans.

  Of course, Aouita 12 was also out of the circle with a very high face value before. The length, width and height of the new car are 5020×1999×1460mm, and the wheelbase is 3020mm. The front face adopts a family-style design, the split daytime running lamp has obvious characteristics, the tail is more rounded and full, and the slightly raised lines bring a strong sense of luxury. Viewed from the side, Aouita 12 adopts the unique sliding back design of coupe, and the suspended body has a strong sense of movement and muscle. Hidden door handles and high-definition streaming media rearview mirrors can reduce wind resistance, and 21-inch wheels can also bring stronger performance, which can be described as both beauty and strength. Generally speaking, Aouita 12 has a strong sense of the future, as if it were a model from a sci-fi movie, and it has the reputation of "concept car mass production" with strong recognition.

  As the second model of the brand, Aouita 12 is also the second model of Aouita’s "Four Years and Four Cars" plan. Its positioning is higher than that of the "predecessor" Aouita 11, and its strength is relatively stronger in terms of configuration and intelligence. Of course, Aouita 12 also has its own "mission". I believe it can not only perform well after listing, but also "pave the way" for the brand’s two future models. In addition, with the brand of Aouita, the new domestic car-making force is worthy of our expectation!

I want to talk to you about sex tonight.

 

At what age did people all over the world have their first night?

Durex, the eldest brother, made a global survey and found that the average age of men and women’s first sexual experience was17.3 years old.

17.3 years oldThe age of ordinary high school students.

When you are still an ignorant problem solver, you have been abandoned by your peers.

Is it too early?

On the other hand, aboveboard sex education came too late.

On October 17 this year, the National People’s Congress will "for the first time"sex education"The word is written into the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Minors.

Prior to this, the obscure "adolescent education" was still used in laws and policy documents.

This is a great progress, but it illustrates a long-standing problem-

We still dare not talk about sex boldly.

We are always coy about the elephant in this room.

Don’t talk about it, does it not exist?

People in the room won’t mistake the elephant leg for a pillar and get hurt by it?

Japanese TV series17.3 About SexThat’s what we talked about.

More than 4000 people in Douban scored 9.1.

Different from the hot American TV series [Sex Study Room] in recent two years, this drama fits the relatively conservative gender culture in Asia and looks more resonant.

It is also a story about girls wavering and growing up between sex and love. sisterhood, who knows and supports each other, is very powerful.

 

01

The main characters are three 17-year-old female high school students, all of whom have a little knowledge of sex.

Or, I don’t understand at all.

The girl Yuliang is one of them.

Her boyfriend of a month sent her an invitation:

"Do you want to come to my house the day after tomorrow? There is no one at home."

Even though she saw the age of her first night published on the website, she was not psychologically prepared.

"17.3 years old, don’t you think it’s too early?"

"Will it hurt the first time?"

"Glass into the body so painful? Certainly not. "

But on second thought, it’s good to be an adult at the age of 17.3.

She prepared according to the instructions on the web page:

Choose a complete set of light-colored underwear that boys will like, and even shave off the body hair of private parts.

When she arrived at her boyfriend’s house, as soon as Yun Liang sat down, her boyfriend drew the curtains without saying anything and pushed her down eagerly.

Regardless of her wishes, she rudely took off her carefully prepared underwear and threw it on the ground.

"I feel like an object."

Yun Liang was afraid and disappointed, so she picked up her underwear and fled.

When she came to school the next day, she found that everyone knew about it.

It turns out that everything is just a bet made by my boyfriend and friends, betting that he can get rid of Yun Liang within one month.

And told the story about her shaving her body hair.

In embarrassment, Yun Liang ran to the dark biological room and cried.

Suddenly the curtains in the room were pulled open and the sun shone in.

Asahi, a usually taciturn male classmate, came to comfort her, saying that those boys were idiots who learned sex from AV and didn’t know how to respect girls at all.

Also published some opinions about "why girls cater to boys":

"Even depilation, also the boy to do. After all, the taste is big and the hair is thick and hard. "

Wonderful!

Yun Liang seriously recalled the original idea of getting rid of it, not because he really wanted to do it.

Catering to boyfriends is also misleading because of reading strange web pages.

It turned out that everyone didn’t understand the noise, so she decided to learn more about sex.

02

The other two girls also have their own confusion.

"Do we have to have sex?"

Girls have never liked anyone since they were young, and being kissed by boys will disgust and vomit.

She entered her "symptoms" on the Internet, and the result was-

No sexual love.

She came to the school library to check the information, but she couldn’t find it at all.

Finally, the biology teacher found out her own book and lent it to her.

After popularizing the knowledge of asexual love, the teacher told her,"It’s nothing strange to be different from others.".

Contrary to Xiao, the girl Nai has dated five boyfriends, each of whom is the only thrill.

The fifth one she met on dating software, and her profile says "26-year-old, IT male".

After you nai was with him, he contracted a kind ofsexually transmitted disease.

It was Yun Liang who found it in the book according to her symptoms.

I didn’t know until I went to the hospital for examination that the disease might be contagious even if I wore a condom.

It turned out that this boyfriend used a fake identity, but he was actually izakaya’s little brother, and he was sleeping with several people at the same time.

Nai decisively broke up and continued to invest in the next love.

She made a decision that she would go to the health center for a check-up before going out with every boyfriend in the future.

When the three girls encounter sexual problems, they all rely on themselves or friends to solve them.

It turns out that girls can also enjoy sex.

It turns out that sex is as diverse as people, and it is not surprising that it is different from others.

It turns out that condoms are not absolutely safe.

The school didn’t teach them relevant knowledge and didn’t provide environmental support.

Contact without knowing it is likely to get hurt.

The three of them were lucky to get effective guidance and help in time.

But wouldn’t it be better if someone told them this common sense from the beginning?

If you are troubled, the way you think of is to explore and discuss with your friends. This is the real "sex study room".

 

03

Sex education in schools is completely blank, and parents are also silent.

Yun Liang’s idea of virginity had something to do with her mother.

Yun Liang’s mother forbade her puppy love, which was very strict.

When you come back from school later, you will be questioned if you send a message to your friends.

Put a bear’s mating image on TV, and immediately switch to the weather forecast with the remote control.

It’s very much like the experience when we watched TV with our parents when we were young, and we had to pour water when we met the kissing scene.

I don’t think Yuliang’s skirt is too short, so I pull it down by hand.

So when Yun Liang found out that such a mother could masturbate, the whole person was shocked.

In the drawer of her mother’s bedroom, she saw the vibrator that her friend said.

It was the first time that she knew that women would do such a thing, which was unacceptable at the moment.

My mother, who can’t even say the word "physiological period" at home, doesn’t know how to explain it to her.

The relationship between the two fell into an awkward freezing point.

Finally, the biology teacher took her to the "women’s products" store, and the history of popular science vibrators made her understand that female masturbation is a natural thing.

Yun Liang later went to the store by herself, bought a new vibrator for her mother and quietly put it back in the room.

I also took care of my mother’s face and helped her turn over the article lightly.

Are there many cases where sex is taboo at home and the result is a rollover?

There is no lack of such questions in Zhihu:

It is not wise to cover up the obvious things in daily life.

Things that children should not know will be known by them sooner or later.

Knowing is not terrible, but misunderstanding and a little knowledge.

Even when a child is hurt, the first reaction is to hide it from his parents.

The girl mentioned above, Nai, was afraid to swipe her medical insurance card at home when she was in the hospital.

Her medical expenses were paid by three girls together.

It’s good to have friends’ support, but isn’t home called harbor and backing?

At this time, can the family provide support?

 

04

This may be too difficult for some parents.

I dare not talk about sex at home, and I am not allowed to talk about it at school.

In 2017, a Hangzhou parent saw the sex education book issued by the school, and thought it was too explicit, so he sent Weibo to boycott it.

Some people also questioned,"Knowing sex so early will make children have sex too early?"

This is actually a misunderstanding of sex education.

The purpose of sex education is to protect.

Avoid boys and girls who don’t understand sex being pitied.

In the play, Yun Liang’s junior high school friend Cheng Mei had sex with her boyfriend during the "safety period" and accidentally got pregnant.

By the time the test came out, it had been more than 22 weeks.

In Japanese law, abortion is not allowed after 22 weeks of pregnancy.

The school forced her to drop out of school, which meant that she was farther away from her dream of being a teacher in college.

How hard can it be for an underage single mother?

In the final analysis, she became a victim because she failed to get the correct sexual knowledge.

Actually,The content of sex education is not only the knowledge of sex and reproductive health.

Also includes the rightPositive attitude, sincere communication, respect for others and learning to ask for help.And other skills.

beLife education based on sex.

Professor Liu Wenli, who compiled this controversial reading, said that people’s desire to explore the body is innate.

So sex has nothing to be ashamed of and can’t be said.

Give sex disenchantment and treat it as a normal thing like the weather.

Know it well enough so that you won’t be hurt by it and taste its sweetness.

All this starts with talking about sex boldly.

Fan interaction

What do you think of sex?

Please leave a message in the comments section at the end of the article.

Share your viewing experience with more fans.

How much is the Land Rover Defender and how to choose between the Defender 90 and 110?

Promotion Dates: 2022-07-02 to 2022-07-31

22 Defender (National VI current car) price 79W

Configuration: European version of Land Rover Defender 3.0T four-door S, 19-wheel LED headlights, 12 seat adjustments (6 electric, 6 manual), leather fleece seats, LCD meters, ordinary audio, air suspension, automatic headlights, electric eyes, car to keep, optional: panorama, smart card, ring shadow, off-road bag (black luggage rack, home power interface, active rear axle differential lock), off-road enhancement bag (ATPC all-terrain process, second-generation all-terrain, Land Rover terrain butler)

The mid-2022 promotion has started! The new 22 Land Rover Defender Tianjin Port cars are on sale, with National VI emissions. If you buy a car, you will get a luxury gift package of tens of thousands of yuan and a gift of imported car clothes for the whole vehicle. Land Rover Defender has two versions, 90 version and 110 version, three-door version and five-door version respectively. The medium-sized cars are all 3.0, while the parallel imports are 2.0 and 3.0. If you want to buy a toy car full of play attributes, then you can choose the 90 version, because it is shorter and lighter, with stronger passing and escape properties, and the off-road attributes are purer.

If you want to meet the needs of your family and go off-road for fun, it is better to choose the 110 version. After all, there is more space. As for the power choice, although the 2.0 has 300 horsepower and a maximum torque of 400 Nm, it is basically sufficient at the power level. However, because it is a four-cylinder car, it must be different from the 3.0 six-cylinder car. For cities, it is definitely sufficient. For example, if you want to use the 2.0, your driving power is not weak, but if you want to be fully loaded, it will be a bit overwhelming.

If the budget is stuck, 3.0 is not enough, and 2.0 is afraid of other people’s jokes, in fact, this is not necessary. After all, it is a matter of online trolls, and in reality, such comments are still rare.

Car order: 152-0147-7421 Zheng Lin (same as WeChat)

 

Also, let’s talk about the stability of the Land Rover Defender. The off-road ability of the Defender is very strong, but the stability can only be said to be average, because there are too many electronic components, but it is definitely not as mysterious as what is said on the Internet. Otherwise, if the standard keeps increasing the price, who will pay?

Changchun area Colorful price reduction news! Highest discount 14,000, limited quantity

[Autohome Changchun Promotion Channel] brings you the latest car purchase benefits! Geely Automobile’s hot-selling model is having a grand promotion in the Changchun area. Buyers can now enjoy an attractive discount of up to 14,000 yuan, making this highly praised city SUV more affordable. The minimum starting price has been reduced to 60,800 yuan, which undoubtedly provides consumers with an excellent opportunity to buy a car. If you want to take advantage of this offer, don’t miss it. Just click "Check the car price" in the quotation form to learn more detailed preferential policies and real-time car purchase discounts. Take action now to make your driving life more exciting!

长春地区缤越大幅降价!最高优惠1.4万,数量有限

Colorful is pioneered by a unique design concept. The front face is a combination of movement and refinement. The air intake grille is decorated with exquisite chrome plating, with smooth lines and great recognition. The overall style is stylish and powerful, creating a strong visual impact, showing Geely’s unique grasp of details.

长春地区缤越大幅降价!最高优惠1.4万,数量有限

The side line design of Colorful is simple and smooth, the body size is 4330mm*1800mm*1609mm, and the wheelbase reaches 2600mm. This wheelbase layout not only improves the comfort of the interior space, but also provides the driver with a good driving vision. The front wheelbase is 1551mm and the rear wheelbase is 1562mm. This design helps to improve the stability of the vehicle. The tire size is 215/65 R16, and it is a classic and suitable size for a variety of road conditions. With an exquisite wheel rim design, it not only guarantees driving performance, but also adds a fashionable atmosphere to the vehicle. Overall, Colorful’s side design is both practical and beautiful, showing a delicate and balanced body ratio.

长春地区缤越大幅降价!最高优惠1.4万,数量有限

In terms of interior design, Binyue adopts the perfect blend of modern simplicity and exquisite craftsmanship to create a warm and comfortable driving environment. It is equipped with an 8-inch central control screen, which is intuitive and easy to operate, and integrates a variety of practical functions. The steering wheel is made of plastic material, but it pays attention to grip and durability, and supports manual up and down adjustment, which is convenient for the driver to operate. The multimedia and charging interfaces are reasonably designed. The front and rear rows are each equipped with a USB interface and a Type-C interface to meet the daily needs of passengers. The seats are designed with a mix of leather and fabric to provide good ride comfort. The main and passenger seats support multi-directional adjustment, including front and rear, backrest and height, providing passengers with personalized space. The rear seats support proportional reclining, further enhancing the flexibility of the space. The overall interior design emphasizes practicality and beauty, showcasing colorful and outstanding quality.

长春地区缤越大幅降价!最高优惠1.4万,数量有限

The car is equipped with a 1.5L four-cylinder engine with a maximum power of 93 kilowatts and a peak torque of 152 Nm. This engine can output 126 horsepower and is matched with a 5-speed manual transmission, providing the driver with an efficient and stable driving experience.

In the evaluation of the owner of Autohome, he was full of praise for the cost performance of Colorful, believing that it is highly competitive in terms of price and design among models of the same class. He said that although he originally considered the Boyue L, he was finally impressed by the practicality and excellent cost performance of Colorful. The owner particularly emphasized the power performance of Colorful, believing that it is not only fashionable in appearance, but also quite strong in internal strength, which undoubtedly meets his driving needs. Overall, Colorful has won the trust and satisfaction of car owners with its high cost performance and real performance.

Taxi reform policy participation experts reveal the process of introducing new regulations

  Su Kui is the director of the Guangzhou Municipal Passenger Traffic Management Office and one of the policy makers involved in the whole process of this new taxi reform. Consistent with the figures reported by the Ministry of Transportation, he can’t remember how many meetings he held. "I have been in Beijing all the time and hardly returned to Guangzhou." Su Kui said that the formulation of the whole policy from the beginning of the parties’ differences to the final relatively rational consensus, it does take a certain amount of time. It also takes a certain amount of time from the beginning when everyone thinks that online car-hailing is good, to the fact that it can see its shortcomings. Compared with the "eight-year scrapping", "employment contract", "platform reporting" and other issues that the audience is generally concerned about, Su Kui said that although these are also the focus of discussion, they are not the most controversial topics. In the policy-making process, the most difficult thing is to consider the whole. "We must not only let the online car-hailing develop in a standardized environment, but also let it compete fairly with taxis.

  Whether private cars can enter online car-hailing is not the focus of controversy in the formulation of new regulations

  At yesterday’s press conference, Vice Minister of Transport Liu Xiaoming introduced that for the introduction of the new regulations, the Ministry of Transport has held dozens of seminars, demonstrations, consultations and seminars of different scopes and levels to widely listen to the opinions of all parties and repeatedly study and demonstrate.

  As the director of the Guangzhou Municipal Passenger Traffic Management Department, Su Kui participated in almost the whole process, including exchanges between industries and discussions between provincial and municipal authorities; there were voices from online car-hailing companies, as well as the views of ordinary citizens. Gradually form a clear understanding of the development of taxis and online car-hailing.

  During this period, issues such as private car operation, scrapping system, employment contract, reporting issues, and ride-hailing were all listed as topics for discussion. Some topics were also listed as special project topics for discussion.

  However, contrary to the imagination of many citizens, whether the private car, which has always been an awkward status, can operate has not become the focus of policy-making discussions. "How to enter the private car and what conditions need to be met are not particularly controversial. These need to be approved by the local government, and ultimately determined by the local government." And private cars can enter the online car-hailing platform thanks to a "new word" – "reservation rental". Su Kui explained that this is not a difficult development. Worldwide, reservation rental has existed for at least 30 years.

  The development of online car-hailing and fair competition

  How to balance is the most difficult part of the new regulations

  These "creations" are not difficult, and it is difficult to play a game of opinions from all parties. Su Kui has repeatedly emphasized that the most controversial thing is how to regulate the development of online car-hailing without restricting the development of online car-hailing? How to develop online car-hailing while ensuring a level playing field for online car-hailing and taxis.

  For example, 8-year scrapping is considering that if they are all scrapped for 8 years according to the rental operation, it is unfair to the less intensive online car-hailing. It may also push a large number of online car-hailing drivers out of the platform.

  For another example, in terms of the nature of the platform, it is clearly a transportation service, not an information matchmaker. This is the same as a taxi on the starting line, and it is consistent with the feelings of passengers. What passengers need is a taxi service, not a query to obtain a piece of information. If there is a safety problem, the platform as a transportation service provider needs to take responsibility.

  Whether it is the exposure draft issued last year or the new regulations that are finally difficult to introduce, the game and trade-off have always been the most difficult thing. "I am relieved that there is basically a relatively rational consensus now," Su Kui said.

  Give local governments enough space

  Overall, there is a supportive attitude towards ride-sharing

  Xu Kangming, a professor at Shanghai Sanyi Urban Planning and Design Co., Ltd., believes that the biggest highlight of the new regulations is that they leave enough space for local governments. Holding some bottom lines, local governments have a lot of room for maneuver in terms of scrap age, vehicle thresholds and prices.

  Su Kui agreed with this statement. When discussing almost any policy detail, he talked about the role that local governments should play in it.

  After the introduction of the new regulations, public opinion has seen the benefits for online ride-hailing companies such as Didi and Uber, but some people are concerned that the benefits for online ride-hailing are too good, and a large number of private cars may flood into the private car platform.

  Sukui admits that vehicles can be licensed and drivers no longer need to sign a fixed employment contract, which will indeed bring benefits, and does not rule out the possibility of a large increase in online car-hailing. But the final decision is up to the local government.

  Local governments have different requirements for vehicles and drivers, some loose and some strict, which will directly determine the number of online car-hailing. But local governments also need to meet the principles of differentiation and quality, and not all cars can enter the special car market.

  In terms of ride-sharing development, Su Kui believes that the Ministry of Transport as a whole supports ride-sharing, but it is also necessary to determine the specific content of ride-sharing according to the situation of local governments, and it is recommended that all localities introduce relevant policies simultaneously.

  Overall, although the Ministry of Transport has issued new regulations, the final decision rests with local governments.

  Final determination of market price

  Is to leave room for policy

  The new regulations will implement the government-guided price or market-adjusted price for online car-hailing, and clearly change it to the market price. On the one hand, there are opinions that the market price is a good practice to respect market laws, and on the other hand, there are opinions that the market price will allow the price to be controlled on the online car-hailing platform.

  Sometimes in bad weather, many online ride-hailing platforms implement a dynamic fare increase mechanism, which does meet the needs of citizens for taxi travel, but many citizens complain that prices have risen too much.

  Su Kui introduced that he does pay attention to this issue, but insisting on market prices is also a flexible approach that leaves enough room for local policies and allows the market to conduct trials and errors. Even if it is a market price, the government can take action, setting the highest price, the lowest price, and the room for fluctuation. For example, determine how much the minimum cannot be lower, to ensure that there will be no competition below the cost; the maximum cannot be higher than several times, and the guarantee cannot be sky-high. And even if there is no upper or lower limit, the market can be allowed to play a major regulatory role. If there is a problem, it is not too late for the government to intervene.

  Courtesy of Visual China

  Impact · Response

  Online car-hailing platforms have their own strategies for the new regulations

  Didi

  The new regulations are the country’s affirmation and encouragement for the development of the sharing economy

  According to Didi Chuxing, the new regulations clarify the legal status of online car-hailing for the first time from the level of national regulations, which is a milestone for the stable and healthy development of our country’s transportation industry.

  The relevant person in charge of Didi believes that, compared with the exposure draft announced in October last year, the "Interim Measures" have adopted the opinions and suggestions of all sectors of society, experts and scholars and travel enterprises, and made many revisions and optimizations. On the basis of the license management of online car-hailing platforms, drivers and vehicles, the 8-year scrapping regulations have been cancelled, and they have been scrapped when the mileage reaches 600,000 kilometers, which is more in line with the new business model of the part-time-based online car-hailing economy. The "Interim Measures" also deleted the original quantity restriction clause, stipulating that the market will adjust the price in principle, giving the market, platforms and drivers greater autonomy, and affirming new travel methods such as ride-sharing and carpooling.

  Didi said it will standardize its operations and actively apply for relevant business licenses for online car-hailing platform companies. At the same time, it encourages the integrated development of the Internet and taxis.

  In addition, according to the new regulations, local governments have some discretion over the specific management standards and operating requirements of online car-hailing. "We sincerely hope that in the process of implementing central policies, local governments at all levels can encourage innovation, streamline administration and decentralize power, and create a good environment for the development of new business models."

  easy to get

  Adhere to the mid- to high-end business travel positioning

  The online car-hailing market is basically stable, and the introduction of new regulations restricts monopolistic behavior, pulling all platforms back to the same starting line. All platforms apply for qualification licenses under the same conditions, making the current market structure possible to restructure. All platforms need to "start again".

  The new regulations clarify the development orientation of "high-quality service and differentiated operation" of online car-hailing, and stipulate unfair competition behaviors such as low price and lower than cost price. Yidao has always adhered to the positioning of mid-to-high-end business travel, and insisted on forming a differentiated and complementary relationship with traditional cruise taxis in terms of vehicle models, target groups, and service quality.

  Shenzhou

  Continue to adhere to the B2C model of professional vehicles and drivers

  During the policy formulation process, the Ministry of Transport and other departments fully listened to the opinions, suggestions and development demands of all parties, including Shenzhou Special Car, reflecting the country’s development concept and ideas of encouraging innovation, openness and inclusiveness. The release of the document is of great significance for promoting the healthy and orderly development of the online car-hailing industry.

  Shenzhou Special Car will strictly follow the requirements of online car-hailing regulatory policies and continue to adhere to the B2C model of "professional vehicles, professional drivers" to provide customers with safer and better travel services.

  This group article/reporter of this newspaper, Liu

  Influence · People

  Brother who has been in the industry for 15 years turned into a special car driver

  On the morning of April 21 this year, Fang Guobao set off from his home in a black Camry, officially bid farewell to 15 years of taxi driver career, and turned around to become a Didi special car driver. 15 years of life cannot be easily changed by turning around. Despite reluctance, helplessness and even misunderstandings, Fang Guobao has not regretted his choice in the past three months. "My taxi life is not as good as day by day, I can’t change it, and it’s useless to complain. I can only adapt."

  tell

  Taxi revenue is gradually declining

  Fang Guobao, less than 40 years old this year, is already an old taxi driver who has been driving for 15 years. Since his father is a driving school coach, Fang Guobao has loved cars since he was a child. As soon as he was 18 years old, he took the driver’s license and dreamed of being a taxi driver. In order to pay a taxi deposit of 30,000 yuan, Fang Guobao roasted chicken chops on the roadside for a year, saved more than 20,000 yuan, and borrowed 10,000 yuan from relatives and friends to collect enough money. In 2002, Fang Guobao finally drove the dream taxi.

  Driving a taxi more than ten years ago, the income is already very high, and you can get about 5,000 yuan a month. In two years, Fang Guobao bought a house in Huairou.

  However, more than a decade has passed, and the income of taxi drivers has not increased significantly. A little over a year ago, Fang Guobao’s average monthly net income was around 8,000 yuan. A year later, with the rise of taxi-hailing software, Fang Guobao’s net income has dropped to around 6,000 yuan. Fang Guobao clearly feels that the taxi market is getting worse day by day. I didn’t expect that a small software installed on my mobile phone three years ago would bring such a big impact on my life.

  At the end of last year, Fang Guobao and his colleagues also went to Didi’s headquarters to report problems. They used to hate Didi for stealing business, but the reality is that the taxi environment has changed. He said that it is useless to complain, only to adapt.

  change

  The increase in new job service standards

  On April 21 this year, Fang Guobao officially became a special car driver directly operated by Didi. Over the past three months, Fang Guobao has gradually adapted to the identity of a special car driver, and he has also felt the difference between a taxi driver and a special car driver, and the biggest difference is service. "In the past, driving a taxi was to treat yourself as a means of transportation, take the money to get you to your destination as soon as possible, and then go to the next job. To put it bluntly, it was to run more quickly, and the car drove more fiercely."

  After becoming a special car driver, there were a lot of hard and fast rules, which even made him feel a little annoying at first. Before leaving the car every day, he sent three photos, photos of his instrument, photos of the exterior of the car, and photos of the interior of the car. Only after passing can he start receiving orders. The car was equipped with mineral water, chargers, and umbrellas, and he tried his best to meet any requests from passengers. "When we wait for passengers, we all get off at the station in front of the door and open the door for passengers. If it rains, we will use umbrellas to pick up passengers." When picking up people at the station or airport, Fang Guobao parked the car in the parking lot, and then walked to the exit of the station to pick up passengers. When encountering passengers with a lot of luggage, he went upstairs to help passengers move. " Dealing with passengers is not a big deal, but service is reflected in these trivial things, which is different from taxis. Frankly speaking, I have never done these things when driving a taxi. "

  adapt

  Services can be reflected in income

  In the beginning, Fang Guobao didn’t want to work because of these rules and regulations. Slowly, as he became familiar with Didi’s software rules and communicated with passengers, Fang Guobao gradually got used to it. Fang Guobao said that the constraints of these rules and regulations are reflected in income. The better the service, the more you earn. Simply put, if the service is done well and the passengers score high, the system will assign high-quality orders to drivers. If the service is not done well, the passengers score low, and there are only some small jobs that do not make money. "If my evaluation is good, the system will often assign me an order of one or two hundred yuan to the airport, which is easy without traffic jams, but if the evaluation is not good, it is a short-distance small job. Catching traffic jams will not make money at all."

  In the past three months, Fang Guobao’s income has increased compared to before due to the high evaluation of the other party’s national treasure by passengers. In May, he earned more than 9,000 yuan. According to the labor contract signed with the company, the higher the score of the driver, the more commission he can get.

  Fang Guobao said that when renting, no matter how good your service is, it is difficult to reflect in your income. "No matter how good my attitude is, I will not be able to work more because of this."

  Memory

  Worried that it was illegal to drive a special car

  In the first 15 years, Fang Guobao did not rest for almost 365 days. Every day when he opened his eyes, he thought that one or two hundred yuan of money would be deducted. Every day, he thought of doing more work, leaving early and returning later. Now, the weekly limited number of Japanese Guobao can also take a day off. In the past three months, Fang Guobao has increasingly recognized the identity of the special car driver, but he still cannot ignore the reality that the special car is illegal.

  Just half a month ago, Fang Guobao was stopped by the law enforcement officers on his way to the airport. The incident happened suddenly, and Fang Guobao and the passengers were shocked in their hearts, and they were inevitably punished in the end. And every driver of a special car has a knot in their hearts during the past few years, fearing that they will be discovered by the law enforcement officers.

  As for taxis, Fang Guobao wants to say that this is an era of fair competition, and the monopoly situation in the past has been broken. The taxi industry should think about how to improve management and service levels and compete fairly with the special car market. Article/Reporter of this newspaper, Kuang Xiaoying

  Influence · Interpretation

  When will the new regulations come into effect in Beijing?

  Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned that after the introduction of the new regulations of the Ministry of Transport yesterday, the relevant person in charge of the Beijing transportation authority has been organizing learning. But there is no time and details for the introduction of the policy.

  According to the current legal policy in Beijing, it is not legal for private cars without operating qualifications to connect to online car-hailing platforms. At present, only the first car-hailing operation model complies with the current legal framework and is considered an official car. According to the relevant person in charge of the first car-hailing car, the first car-hailing car will reach 5,000 vehicles in Beijing by the end of the year, meeting the high-end car demand of citizens in the Fifth Ring Road. However, in the near future, Beijing will make a statement on the development of taxis and online car-hailing.

  Will taxi prices become more expensive?

  According to the new regulations, it is impossible for the special cars and express cars that citizens are worried about to be expelled from the market. After the introduction of the taxi reform plan exposure draft last year, the relevant person in charge of Yidao Car once stated that a large number of cars do not meet the conditions, which will reduce the number of special cars and cause prices to rise. However, after the new regulations are revised, it will not be so difficult for vehicles to meet the conditions, and there will be no phenomenon of a large number of special car drivers "leaving", so the price will not change much.

  Zhao Zhen, vice president of the China Transportation Enterprise Management Association, believes that price is a matter of market positioning and a challenge to the management of operating companies. Different places will vary, and prices should vary according to different services and regions. Generally speaking, prices should be more reasonable.

  How to ensure the safety of passengers taking a taxi?

  According to the new regulations, the first is to pre-check access, through the qualification of enterprises, vehicles, and drivers, to pre-check the basic capabilities of safety services.

  The second is post-event operation supervision, requiring online ride-hailing platform companies to implement their main responsibilities and strengthen safety and service management during operation through information technology. At the same time, all localities should build and improve government supervision platforms to achieve information sharing with online ride-hailing service platforms, and strengthen supervision of business practices and the entire process of daily operations.

  The third is social credit evaluation. By building a credit system for operators and drivers and incorporating it into the national credit information sharing platform, conducting service quality assessments and promptly announcing them to the public, etc., to ensure passengers’ right to know and choose.

  In addition, the online car-hailing platform should carry out pre-job training and daily education on relevant laws and regulations, professional ethics, service standards, and safe operation, etc., to ensure that the drivers who provide services online are consistent with the drivers who actually provide services offline, and to report the relevant information of the driver to the taxi administrative department where the service is located to ensure the safety of passengers.

  How can passengers in accidents be compensated?

  The interim measures make it clear that online car-hailing platforms should purchase carrier liability insurance and other relevant insurance for passengers to fully protect the rights and interests of passengers. Beiqing Daily reporters learned that platforms such as Didi and Yidao have purchased relevant insurance for passengers.

  Compared with the previous regulations, the new regulations also specify the platform as the carrier more clearly. This means that in the event of a safety problem, the online car-hailing platform cannot say that it only provides information and pushes the responsibility to the driver, but needs to bear the corresponding compensation liability.

What changes have taken place in the past three years?

A large number of innovative drugs and "life-saving drugs" have entered the medical insurance drug list, which is the space saved by centralized procurement.

       On December 6, 2018, the centralized procurement of drugs in "4+7" pilot cities was opened in Shanghai. This means that the long-brewing national drug centralized procurement with quantity has officially kicked off.

National centralized drug procurement with quantity, referred to as "centralized procurement" for short, means that drug procurement institutions "package" the scattered purchases of medical institutions through public bidding, and purchase a clear number of drugs from drug suppliers by "group purchase", thus reducing procurement costs.

       At that time, the national medical insurance department entrusted the Shanghai Pharmaceutical Centralized Bidding and Purchasing Affairs Management Office under the Shanghai Medical Insurance Bureau to undertake the daily work of the national drug joint purchasing office (hereinafter referred to as "joint purchasing"). In the past three years, the joint procurement has organized six batches and seven rounds of national centralized procurement, and the scope of implementation has expanded from 11 cities to the whole country. The procurement content has expanded from oral dosage forms to injections, from chemical drugs to biological drugs, and the variety, quantity and degree of competition have been constantly breaking through.

       Specifically, what are the breakthroughs?Let’s take a look at the changes in these three years through the data.

The original drug was greatly reduced in price, and the "patent cliff" appeared.

       Among the six batches and seven rounds of centralized mining, the first five batches and six rounds are all chemical drugs. From the first batch of "4+7 quantity procurement" to the fifth batch of quantity procurement,A total of 218 varieties were covered, and the average price of the selected products decreased by 53%, which reduced the burden on patients by about 250 billion yuan.

       The number of selected products shows an upward trend.In the "4+7 quantity procurement", 25 of the 31 pilot generic drugs were successfully selected, with a successful selection rate of 81%. Since then, the number of selected varieties has reached 32, 55, 45 and 61 respectively. The sixth batch of insulin special procurement is the first time that the national centralized procurement has been extended to the field of biopharmaceuticals, which is quite different from the first five batches of procurement rules, and the number of selected varieties is 16.

       Except for the sixth batch of insulin special procurement, the average decline of the other five batches and six rounds of centralized procurement was above 50%, which remained stable. The fifth batch of centralized mining decreased by 56%, which was higher than other batches. It can be clearly seen that the centralized collection and extrusion of drug price moisture has played a positive role in promoting the return of drug prices to rationality.

       Centralized purchasing not only reduces the burden of drug use for the masses, but also improves the efficiency of the use of medical insurance funds.After calculation, the results of each batch of bidding saved 5.8 billion yuan, 19.5 billion yuan, 9.1 billion yuan, 19.5 billion yuan, 13.2 billion yuan, 24.1 billion yuan and 9 billion yuan for the pilot areas or the whole country. Among them, the fifth batch of centralized procurement selected the most varieties, involving a total amount of 55 billion yuan, saving medicine costs to the highest in previous centralized procurement.

       As a result, has the medical insurance expenditure decreased? Where did all the money saved go? In fact, to improve the efficiency of the use of medical insurance funds is not only to "cut costs", but also to spend money on the cutting edge. In recent years, a large number of innovative drugs and "life-saving drugs" have entered the medical insurance drug list, which is the space saved by centralized procurement. The continuous increase of medical insurance expenditure has prompted pharmaceutical enterprises to intensify innovation and promoted the process of high-quality development of the pharmaceutical industry.

       The participation and winning bid rate of each batch of original research pharmaceutical companies have always been the focus of attention. Although the average decline of the selected original drugs in the first four batches of centralized procurement was relatively high, climbing from 71% and 79% to 82% and 84%, there were 10 foreign companies involved in 11 products in the fifth batch of centralized procurement, and their participation was significantly improved.

       Foreign companies actively embrace centralized purchasing. On the one hand, the fifth batch of centralized purchasing involves many kinds of injections, and the successful result will have a great impact on the sales of enterprises in hospitals. Faced with such a big market change, foreign companies can’t "sit idly by". More importantly, it has been gradually accepted by the industry and society because the original drug is equivalent in quality and can compete on the same field. This is the embodiment of the implementation effect of the generic drug consistency evaluation policy and the embodiment of the normalization and institutionalization of centralized purchase.

       More and more original drugs have been greatly reduced in price, indicating that the phenomenon of "patent cliff" has appeared.The so-called "patent cliff" means that after the patent protection of a newly developed and listed drug expires, more generic drugs will appear on the market, and the increase in supply will lead to a cliff-like decline in the price of the original drug. In the past, the prices of some original drugs in China were higher than those in neighboring countries and regions for a long time, and the phenomenon of "patent cliff" failed to happen. Now, this phenomenon has finally happened because of national centralized mining.

"Taking quantity" is the core, and promoting "exchanging quantity for price"

       Six batches of centralized mining, which drug varieties have the highest decline?Based on the 457 drugs with known historical prices, the top drugs have different uses. Rivaroxaban, an anticoagulant in the fifth batch of centralized mining, dropped by as much as 99.5%, which is a veritable "price reduction king". Memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Harmo’s disease and olanzapine for the treatment of schizophrenia are also in the forefront with a drop of over 97%. Taking olanzapine orally disintegrating tablets as an example, patients used to spend 849 yuan a month, but now they can save 822 yuan by using the selected varieties, which can save more than 9,000 yuan a year.

       Some time ago, the "soul bargaining" in the national medical insurance drug list negotiation triggered a heated discussion. Is collective purchasing "soul bargaining"? In fact,Centralized purchasing and medical insurance negotiation are two different things.Although both of them belong to the "drug price reduction" initiative, the medical insurance negotiation is to include drugs in the catalogue, so that they can be reimbursed through medical insurance, and there is no provision for hospital dosage; Centralized procurement requires hospitals to give priority to the use of selected drugs and complete the contract dosage on time. It can be said that "with or without quantity" is the main difference between the two. In addition, the drugs selected in centralized procurement include both varieties in the medical insurance catalogue and those outside the catalogue.

     "Carrying quantity" is the core of centralized purchasing, and "exchanging quantity for price" can promote enterprises to reduce prices. So,What are the ten varieties with the largest purchase volume?It can be seen from the agreed procurement volume in the first year of the country that the drugs for common diseases, such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, are still in the greatest demand, among which metformin for treating type 2 diabetes has the largest procurement volume, with the agreed procurement volume reaching more than 5 billion tablets in the first year, and the actual procurement volume in the first year of the country exceeds 8 billion tablets. 2021 is the 100th anniversary of the discovery of insulin, and insulin has been continuously introduced in the past 100 years. At present, the second generation of recombinant human insulin and the third generation of recombinant insulin analogues are commonly used products in clinic. Relatively speaking, the third-generation insulin is safer and more effective, and the price is higher.

       Just at the end of last month, the sixth batch of centralized purchase of insulin was opened in Shanghai. This collection covers the second and third generations of insulin, including 16 generic varieties. The purchasing demand of medical institutions in China in the first year is about 210 million pieces, and the purchasing amount involved is about 17 billion yuan according to the pre-centralized purchasing price. The average price reduction of the products to be selected is 48%, and it is estimated that the annual cost can be saved by 9 billion yuan.

       The three years that Ji Cai has gone through are three years of challenges and achievements. The "Tenth Five-Year Plan" for National Medical Security proposes that by the end of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan", the number of drug varieties purchased by each province through national and provincial centralized quantity will reach more than 500. Practice has proved that only by holding on to the reform achievements and constantly promoting the normalization and institutionalization of centralized drug procurement can we better serve the overall situation of national medical and health reform and development and provide people with all-round and full-cycle health services.     

◆ Source | Jiefang Daily/China Medical Insurance