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Can I buy a dual-clutch gearbox？ Read these ten items before making a decision.

Is your car a dual clutch gearbox? Will you buy a car equipped with a dual clutch gearbox?

In recent years, in order to get rid of the intellectual property rights and technical restrictions of AT gearbox and gearbox, some car companies have achieved overtaking in corners of automatic gearbox. Coupled with the advantages of direct shifting, small power loss, light weight and low fuel consumption of dual-clutch gearbox, the majority of car companies have increased the research and development and production of DCT dual-clutch gearbox, and achieved remarkable results, and a large number of dual-clutch gearboxes with excellent technology and stable performance have emerged.

The dual clutch automatic transmission is based on the manual gearbox. Different from the manual gearbox, two clutches in the dual clutch are connected with two input shafts, and the gear shifting and clutch operation are realized automatically through the mechatronic module integrating electronic and hydraulic components.

Powershift can be divided into dry type and wet type, and the main difference is the different cooling methods. Dry powershift is cooled by air, while wet dual clutch is cooled by oil. The cooling effect of oil is better than that of air, especially in the scene of frequent clutch use. Therefore, the wet dual clutch automatic transmission has the characteristics of good ride comfort, strong stability and long service life, which is more popular among consumers and becomes the mainstream of dual clutch.

The following small series will lead you to learn about the top 10 mainstream DCT gearboxes in China and see who is the strongest.

The above are ranked according to the torque they bear.

Dongfeng 6DCT150 is a wet dual-clutch gearbox jointly produced by Dongfeng and Getrag Company. Established in 2012, Dongfang Style Traak Automobile Gearbox Co., Ltd. is a joint venture established by Dongfeng Company and Getrag International Company, each holding 50% of the shares, to jointly develop, manufacture and sell low-torque dual-clutch gearboxes. In the second half of 2014, the design of 6DCT150 wet dual-clutch gearbox was finalized, with six forward gears and one reverse gear, which can withstand the torque of 150Nm. Later, engineers further improved that the current maximum torque can withstand 200Nm, and it does not exceed 60 kg after filling oil. Using the unique micro-sliding friction technology of Getrak, after the clutch is fully combined, a thin oil film will be attached between the friction plate and the clutch plate, which can effectively alleviate the instantaneous speed or torque fluctuation and bring a smoother driving experience. The gearbox is a lightweight and compact third-generation powershift, equipped with cascade gears and intelligent execution system, and its transmission efficiency, fuel economy, shift comfort and other indicators have reached the leading level of similar products.

The gearbox matched by Beijing Hyundai Elantra 1.4T is D7GF1 dry dual clutch gearbox produced by Beijing Hyundai Elantra, with the maximum torque of 220 Nm. The reliability and stability of 6at gearbox produced by Mobius are very high, second only to. This 7-speed dry dual clutch adopts motor-driven shift technology, and its internal components are mainly two dry dual clutches, two clutch actuators, two sets of shift actuators and three-axis planetary gear sets. In terms of reliability, it is higher than most dual clutches on the market, but the inherent problems of dry dual clutches such as fear of heat and low speed frustration are still not well solved. In the case of extreme congestion, these two gearboxes may have overheating protection, and the market reputation is average.

In order to get rid of the dependence on Aisin 6AT gearbox, Volkswagen is the first car company to popularize dual-clutch gearbox on a large scale, and it is also an example for some domestic car companies to learn and imitate. Volkswagen DQ200 is a seven-speed dry dual-clutch gearbox, which can bear the maximum torque of 250NM. At present, it is produced by Volkswagen Transmission Dalian Co., Ltd. in China. DQ200 has the advantages of fast shifting speed, simple structure, high transmission efficiency and good fuel economy, with a weight of only about 70KG. It is mainly matched with Volkswagen 1.4T engine and is widely used. There were many complaints in the early days, but with the continuous improvement of production technology, the proportion of complaints about this gearbox is gradually decreasing. However, the inherent disadvantage of dry dual clutch is that there is no cooling of gearbox oil. In the process of frequent start and stop of dry dual clutch, the clutch is easy to overheat, which leads to clutch plate jitter, abnormal noise and even damage.

Jianghuai is one of the earliest independent automobile companies in China to develop DCT dual-clutch gearbox, and it mainly cooperates with others. Its clutch module and electromagnetic box are from Bogwarner, and TCU software program is from Germany. The net weight of JAC’s 6th gear powershift is only about 71.5kg, which is due to its two sets of internal and external nested shafts. 6DCT gearbox adopts JAC’s unique patented clutch protection design, with two additional clutches. When the clutch is overloaded, it can quickly turn on overload protection and safety cut-off. In order to realize automatic transmission control, there are as many as 12 sensors connected in TCU control unit, which can effectively monitor the working state of the whole machine in real time and cope with various complex environmental conditions. Jianghuai 6DCT gearbox optimizes the gear position and gear arrangement, reduces idling parts, shortens the axial length, and effectively improves the product compactness. The gearbox also adopts high-precision and high-efficiency internal meshing rotor oil pump and new DCT special lubricating oil, which greatly reduces the energy loss of the system, makes the fuel consumption of the whole vehicle close to the level of manual transmission with the same gear number, and the transmission efficiency is as high as 95%.

It is one of the earliest manufacturers of dual-clutch gearbox in independent brands. "DM21", a new generation of MEGA TECH 7-speed wet powershift, is the latest fist work of SAIC. The total weight of the transmission is 82KG, which is the third generation product independently developed by SAIC. The economy, ride comfort and durability have been further improved, and the torque capacity has reached 300Nm, which has changed the problems of the previous generation gearbox, such as frustration and abnormal noise. This gearbox has an ultra-high transmission efficiency of 97%, and is equipped with an original three-cavity independent cooling and lubrication system for gear cavity, hydraulic control module cavity and clutch cavity, which effectively ensures fuel economy and stability. In addition, it also uses the ultra-high pressure zero leakage control system to ensure the accuracy and speed of shifting. This one is mounted on MG6, and its overall performance is remarkable, and its shifting is smooth and silky, with both power and handling. The transmission was rated as one of the top ten transmissions in the world in 2021.

The 7-speed wet powershift used by Changan Automobile is produced by its own company, and its code name is DF727. It was successfully developed in 2017. In 2019, DF727 was applied to self-owned brand passenger cars in batches, with the production and sales reaching more than 100,000 units. DF727 is the flagship product of Qingshan Industry in recent two years. Once it was launched, it was favored by the market, with compact structure, high-precision clutch thermal management strategy and intelligent gear shifting technology. Its comprehensive transmission efficiency reaches 94.3%, and it is widely used in 1.4T and 1.5T blue whale engines in Chang ‘an, such as UNI-T, CS55, etc., with excellent power response and fuel economy. At present, there are three known models: DF727A/B/C, and the maximum bearing torque is extended from 270NM to 300NM. The actual driving experience is not bad, but the probability of DC270 being frustrated when driving on low-speed congested roads is slightly higher. The quality of the gearbox produced by Qingshan with military quality is guaranteed.The transmission was rated asIn 2021, the world’s top ten speed changes in the Dragon Pan Cup.

When it comes to gearboxes, we have to admire Chery, which is a unique brand in China and independently developed CVT15 and CVT25. However, the torque of CVT gearboxes is limited. With the equipment of Chery’s strongest 1.6T and 2.0T high-torque engines, Chery has to equip them with gearboxes with greater torque. So Chery and the cooperative 7DCT300 came into being. 7DCT300 is the third generation gearbox with intelligent execution system, which can be horizontally centered and horizontally front-mounted, and the maximum input torque can reach 320Nm. Five high-performance clutches and gear shifting are adopted, and the gears equipped with smooth gear shifting and fast response speed, accurate sliding control of clutches and high-precision equipment processing also bring excellent NVH performance to the transmission, with comprehensive transmission efficiency exceeding 96% and net weight as low as 65kg. With the advantages of leading transmission efficiency, excellent shift comfort and low power consumption electro-hydraulic intelligent execution system, 7DCT300 has been favored by many OEMs.

The 7-speed wet dual clutch used by Geely is jointly developed by Geely and Geely, and is compatible with 48V light hybrid plug-in hybrid system. 90% of the suppliers of Geely’s dual-clutch gearbox are the top suppliers in the world. Compared with the traditional dry or wet DCT, Geely 7DCT adopts the latest generation of electro-hydraulic execution system. This not only retains the oil-cooling mode of wet double clutch, but also adopts the high-efficiency motor-driven shifting process, and adopts the controllable variable oil pump, which can supply oil on demand, and improves the power efficiency to the extreme, with the highest transmission efficiency reaching 97%. The great improvement of efficiency is closely related to the reduction of internal friction, and the loss of the product itself is further reduced through a number of technologies, such as electronic gear shifting, separate electro-hydraulic control of clutch, optimization of housing to reduce lubricating oil spill, and cooperation with famous lubricating oil manufacturers to develop low-viscosity DCT oil, so as to finally reduce internal friction and improve transmission efficiency. At present, Geely is widely used in the Lectra series, etc. From the current actual use effect, Geely’s 7-speed wet dual clutch is relatively stable.

As early as 2011, BYD developed a 6-speed dry dual-clutch gearbox with reference to Volkswagen DQ200 gearbox, which is the earliest car company in China to master the technology of dry dual-clutch gearbox. In 2013, BYD introduced the 6-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox 6DT35, which is still the result of reverse research and development. This gearbox can now be seen on BYD’s Song and Song MAX models. Its maximum torque is 350Nm and its weight is 94KG. At present, it only matches some small displacement engines. According to the owner’s report, BYD’s 6-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox has problems such as frustration and abnormal sound, and its quality needs to be improved. Fortunately, in 2020, BYD launched a new 7-speed wet dual-clutch automatic transmission. By simulating various operating conditions, the transient dynamics simulation analysis was carried out, and the unbalanced load with each gear was continuously corrected, so that the gear meshing was smoother, the impact between gears was reduced, and the smoothness of the transmission was better and the failure rate was lower. In terms of durability, the official claims that it can match the service life of AT. In addition, the new gearbox has higher transmission efficiency, more fuel saving, lower noise control, more direct power, and the transmission efficiency is as high as 95%, which is already in the leading position in China.

Great Wall, a gearbox, is based on itself and draws on the strengths of others.Great Wall DCT450 seven-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox, its comprehensive quality is recognized as a high-end product in the industry at present. Mainly manifested in: first, high reliability, accessories from famous enterprises,For example, the bearing of the gearbox is Schaeffler, Germany, and the dual-clutch module is Bogwarner TCU, USA. This gearbox consists of 157 parts, of which only 18 parts such as the outer shell and gear are produced by Great Wall itself, and all others are supplied by internationally renowned suppliers. Second, the noise control is excellent, it uses very low viscosity lubricating oil, and with the design of this gear pendulum vibration reduction flywheel, the noise of the gearbox is about 10 decibels lower than that of other similar levels; The third isIt can bear a large torque, and the maximum torque is as high as 450Nm. The adaptive models include mainstream 1.5T-2.5T gasoline engines, because the peak torque of these machines is basically between 250 and 450 nm. Fourth, the transmission efficiency is high, and the transmission efficiency of DCT450 gearbox is also very high, reaching the high standard of 95%. There are not many DCT that can reach this level, so this machine has obvious improvement effect on the performance of vehicles.

What’s your experience and feeling about the dual clutch? Welcome to leave a message and discuss in the comment area.

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AT gearbox ＂and＂ dual clutch gearbox ＂who is stronger？ Do you understand as an old driver？

Many friends will pay attention to the gearbox, one of the three major parts of the car, when buying a car: what kind of gearbox is carried by the car? As many people know, the dual-clutch engine has a high failure rate because of its instability. At present, the gearbox with the highest transmission efficiency is the manual gear, but although the manual gear is good, it is still a little overwhelmed by the new era. Let’s talk about automation.

I comparison of advantages and disadvantages between AT gearbox and dual clutch gearbox

1. The service life of AT gearbox is longer.

This involves the structural principles of two gearboxes. AT gearboxes usually use hydraulic torque converters, while dual-clutch gearboxes usually use clutch plates. The biggest difference between these two gearboxes is whether their internal components are directly connected together, and they are usually divided into rigid and non-rigid.

Because of the internal structure, the wear rate of AT is much higher than that of AT. Generally, the service life of AT is about 100,000 kilometers, and there is no need for overhaul.

Moreover, in the case of modern traffic congestion, the dual-clutch gearbox will stop and go, shift gears frequently, and the wear will become bigger and bigger. Usually, it has to be repaired before it reaches 100 thousand kilometers, and even needs to be replaced with a new clutch, which is why its life will be shorter than that of AT gearbox.

2. The AT gearbox has better stability and lower maintenance cost.

In fact, this is related to its internal structure, one is non-rigid connection and the other is rigid connection. Moreover, the maintenance cost of at gearbox in the later period is relatively low, and it is usually only necessary to change the oil of the gearbox. Therefore, as long as the owner takes good care of it and does not drive too hard in daily use, there will basically be no big problem.

However, because the dual-clutch gearbox changes gears too many times, it will cause internal wear, and the cost of overhaul is very high. Moreover, the dual-clutch gearbox is different from the manual gearbox, and the manual gearbox is damaged. Just change a part or clutch plate, but the dual-clutch gearbox may have to be completely replaced.

Although powershift is more fuel-efficient, its maintenance cost will also affect its fuel consumption. This is not to say that you can’t buy a dry powershift. Just be careful when driving, and don’t drive too hard. If there is a traffic jam, you can also choose manual mode.

Second, AT gearbox has a better reputation.

These two transmissions have a history of more than 100 years, but their development processes are different. Since the AT transmission was invented, many people have improved it. Powershift, on the other hand, was widely used more than 30 years ago.

Therefore, the stability of AT gearbox will be better, the technology will be more mature, and the transmission efficiency of dual-clutch gearbox will be higher, but from the perspective of durability and economy, AT gearbox may have more advantages.

Before this, there was a data analysis. Through the summary of statistics and opinions about automobile gearboxes, it was found that seven of the top ten gearboxes with the highest complaint frequency were dual-clutch gearboxes, and only one of them was at gearboxes. Therefore, if we look at the stability and reputation of gearbox quality, AT gearbox may be better.

No matter what kind of gearbox it is, it has its own advantages and disadvantages. The most important thing is that the owner should avoid using violence and develop good driving habits when driving. Only in this way, the service life of the gearbox will be longer, thus reducing the maintenance cost. Both gearboxes have been precipitated by the market and have been continuously improved and optimized for several years. Therefore, the main reason lies in the good or bad driving habits.

E Luda Extended Range Edition made its debut at the Chengdu Auto Show, and the pre-sale officially started from 171,000 yuan

At the 27th Chengdu International Automobile Exhibition (hereinafter referred to as the Chengdu Auto Show) from August 30th to September 8th, the new product E-Luda Extended Range Edition brought by Jiangling Light Truck became one of the focuses of the exhibition with advanced extended range technology, and officially opened the pre-sale mode on the opening day of the auto show. The extended range RV modified by E-Luda Extended Range Edition also appeared at the Chengdu Auto Show simultaneously.

E Road Extended Range Edition shines at the Chengdu Auto Show, and the pre-sale activities are very popular

Since the official opening of the 2024 Chengdu International Auto Show, the Jiangling light truck booth with the E-Luda Extended Range Edition as the core has become an important place for card friends to visit the clock in. The advent of the E-Luda Extended Range Edition clearly shows the new style of green freight life in the future to the majority of light truck users.

Jiangling Light Truck officially launched the pre-sale activities of E-Luda Extended Range Light Truck and modified Extended Range RV on the opening day of the Chengdu Auto Show. The pre-sale price starts from 171,000 yuan, which is very cost-effective. The Chengdu Auto Show opened the pre-sale of E-Luda Extended Range Edition. Jiangling Light Truck brought users a quadruple pre-sale gift, full of the super sincerity of the manufacturer! The quadruple gift includes 10 times the intention gold expansion gift, the factory glory delivery gift, the Chengdu characteristic warm heart booking gift and the insured escort gift of buying expensive and refunding the price difference!

The atmosphere of the pre-sale event was warm and the start was hot. The E-Luda Extended Range Edition received extensive attention, recognition and praise from users at the Chengdu Auto Show. At the same time, many users showed strong interest and order intention in the E-Luda Extended Range Edition, which is a proof of the strength of Jiangling light truck products and shows the strong market competitiveness of the E-Luda Extended Range Edition.

Oil-electric hybrid E-Luda extended range version unlocks new energy-saving mode

Jiangling E-Road Extended Range Edition is a hybrid light truck product based on the new modular vehicle technology platform of Jiangling Light Truck – Qingyun Architecture. Its appearance fills the last piece of the puzzle of the multi-power model under the Qingyun architecture, and further expands the layout of Jiangling Light Truck in the new energy field.

With the advantage of urban right-of-way, oil and electricity can be used, and there is no mileage anxiety at all. The advantages of the E-road extended range version "Duokuaihui Province" are fully demonstrated. It is equipped with a 50kwh large-capacity battery pack and a 70L large fuel tank, and the comprehensive cruising range can reach 820km. The cost of use is low, the pure electric driving is as low as 0.3 yuan per kilometer, and the feeding situation is as low as 0.7 yuan per kilometer. The comprehensive vehicle cost is reduced by 50% compared with the traditional fuel light truck, which can save 20,000 yuan per year. Using Jiangling’s self-developed high-efficiency hybrid special engine, the mass production thermal efficiency reaches 43.5%. It matches the generator/dual electronic control system of Huawei Smart Choice Car on the same platform and Bosch’s high-power/torque flat-wire motor. The efficiency of the generator + electronic control system is as high as 96

Extended range version modified RV, start a journey of peace of mind and comfort

The appearance of the E-Luda Extended Range Edition modified RV also made many viewers’ eyes shine. Today, light truck modified RV is becoming a trendy way of travel. This multi-functional RV modified based on the E-Luda Extended Range Edition can not only be used as a means of transportation for family travel, but also as a mobile office, conference room, etc., which can meet the needs of different users. The performance of the vehicle and the perfect in-car equipment and facilities bring users a "peace of mind, comfort, intimacy, and confidence" driving experience, making the RV life on the road bloom in a different way.

Auto show site direct hit: Jiangling Automobile Sales General Manager praised E Road Extended Range Edition

On the day of the pre-sale launch, Mr. Tong Lei, General Manager of Jiangling Automobile Sales Center, personally visited the scene and accepted an exclusive interview with the reporter. Mr. Tong Lei said that Jiangling Automobile has been committed to manufacturing high-quality and energy-saving products for 40 years. At present, relying on Qingyun Architecture, a new modular vehicle technology platform built by Jiangling, it has created a rich product system, covering diesel, pure electric, hybrid and other diversified power forms. In the future, Jiangling Light Truck will also actively respond to the development trend of new energy and continuously improve the product spectrum of new energy light trucks to meet the diverse needs of users. The future market performance of Jiangling New Energy Light Truck is even more worth looking forward to.

In the interview, Mr. Tong Lei specifically mentioned that the first pre-sale of the Jiangling E-Luda Extended Range Edition at this auto show is a hybrid light truck model based on the Qingyun architecture. Its birth further improves the new energy product lineage of Jiangling Light Truck. It brings differentiated choices to customers and can be adapted to more customer scenarios. At the same time, Jiangling Light Truck is developing a new generation of diesel light truck engines. This E-Luda Extended Range Edition engine adopts the most advanced technology in the industry, and can reach the leading level in the industry in terms of power, fuel consumption and quality.

At the 2024 Chengdu International Auto Show, Jiangling’s new E-Road Extended Range Edition and modified RV won high praise from the audience and customers for their excellent performance. Jiangling Light Truck also took this opportunity to show the world its outstanding achievements in the field of extended range, diversified development directions, and firm determination to lead the industry into a new era of green freight. In the future, Jiangling Light Truck will continue to adhere to the concept of "energy saving, innovation, quality, and user first", give full play to its own advantages, and continuously introduce new light truck products that adapt to market changes and meet user requests, creating greater value for users.

Horizon perception algorithm – a more open visual perception solution than Mobileye

　　As a leading enterprise in the ADAS industry, Mobileye currently holds more than 60% of the global market share of visual perception chips. At the same time, the closed visual perception ecosystem established by Mobileye has also become the mainstream form of the industry. Conditional open and relatively convergent perception API requirements have helped Mobileye establish standardized perception interface solutions and quickly promote products to the world, attacking cities and territories.

　　However, time has changed. As current visual ADAS capabilities continue to be upgraded and iterated, the industry expects more open solutions to help OEMs and Tier1 create differentiated and more adaptable ADAS capabilities.

　　The complexity and locality of driving scenarios call for open solutions

　　Once upon a time, a domestic OEM tried to develop an autonomous parking solution based on Mobileye’s visual perception solution. During the implementation of the project, it was necessary to identify the railing at the entrance of the parking lot. However, Mobileye’s closed solution did not support customers to update the perception algorithm independently, resulting in development difficulties.

　　This reflects the dilemma faced by OEMs. On the one hand, Mobileye’s visual perception solution is still the most mature solution at present, with many advantages in terms of product maturity, project risk control and quality management, which OEMs cannot refuse. On the whole, it is a situation of more than conservative and less aggressive. But on the other hand, this closed solution is like a black box. Because of the inability to differentiate and customize development, the performance is homogenized; moreover, in localized driving scenarios, it cannot fully meet the requirements. This limits OEMs to make more aggressive product solutions, which will reduce product competitiveness in the long run.

　　The particularity of China’s driving scene requires a localized sensing solution to meet the functional requirements of ADAS/autonomous driving.

　　At the same time, in order to meet the high reliability requirements of ADAS/autonomous driving for perception, more open perception solutions are also required. For example, if we can identify richer targets and more types of semantic segmentation, then we can obtain richer semantic information, so that different categories can be cross-validated. For example, road shoulders and sidewalks have a clear auxiliary verification function for the judgment of the drivable area. Fixed targets on the roadside, such as traffic signs and street lamps, are of great help in positioning.

　　If the road is covered with snow on a snowy day, how can you tell where the shoulder is? The movie "If You Are the One" describes a dialogue plot:

　　"Hey, you’ve been to [Hokkaido], you must know what the arrows on both sides of the road are for?" Answer: "Oh, in winter, the snow in Hokkaido is very thick, and the arrows instruct people not to drive out of the shoulder of the road."

　　If we can recognize the arrows on either side of the highway, we can reason about the boundaries of the drivable area. The development trend of perception technology requires more open solutions

　　The development of perception technology can be summarized as follows:

　　From simple scenes to complex scenes

　　From high-frequency targets to general targets

　　From 2D perception to 3D perception

　　From reality-oriented perception to prediction-oriented perception

　　All of these trends have further increased the richness and complexity of perception, making it impossible for vendors to use a standard perception solution to meet their needs.

　　In the era of software-defined cars, automakers need a more open approach

　　Intelligence is the core element of brand differentiation in the future, mainly through the addition of software functions. The post-deployment of software will be the general trend, which means that most software functions will be delivered after the car leaves the factory, and software iteration OTA will be the new normal. This trend is particularly important for mobility service operators. Service requirements in various scenarios need to be based on the functions of existing fleets and met by continuous upgrades and iterations.

　　In the future, the car delivered by OEMs will not be a product with solidified functions, but a robot that continues to evolve. Throughout the life cycle of the car, the hardware platform can continue to support software iterative upgrades. The efficiency of software development and differentiated functions will determine the success or failure of this intelligent competition.

　　In order to improve the efficiency of software development, from the perspective of system architecture, service-oriented system architecture (SOA) will become the mainstream, which requires the creation of a new perception solution that meets the requirements of four aspects: a highly open, consistent and complete tool chain, a strong computing power reserve, and strong scalability to meet the requirements of different levels of vehicle platforms.

　　Open perception intermediate results help domestic ADAS functions continue to evolve

　　At present, the perception algorithm API is still relatively closed in the industry. Many features are difficult to implement (such as the augmented reality display function of ADAS function in the infotainment domain), in part because the perception algorithm is only provided for internal use of the intelligent forward-looking camera module and is unwilling to be provided to other subsystems. And the Horizon perception intermediate result can be fully open. And because the low-level semantics of the Horizon algorithm are very rich, the fully open perception intermediate result can support customers to develop more complex functions at the application layer.

　　So far, the Horizon algorithm can support 10 types of dynamic targets and 53 types of static targets. Among them, dynamic targets include: adults, children, cyclists and other pedestrians, as well as cars, SUVs, vans, trucks, passenger cars, motorcycles and elderly scooters 7 categories; while static targets include 8 categories of lane lines, 2 types of traffic lights and 43 types of traffic signs. The richer perception information than Mobileye provides a solid perception foundation for customers to realize differentiated functions.

Rich Perceptual Information Provided by Horizon Algorithm

　　Open and comprehensive toolchain, practicing the concept of "deeply empowering"

　　In order to increase the agility of visual algorithm iteration and better support various extreme perceptual scenarios in China, Horizon has launched the AI chip tool chain Horizon OpenExplorer (Horizon "Tiangong Kaiwu"), including data, training and device deployment tools, such as model training tools, inspection and verification tools, compilers, emulators, embedded development kits, etc. (Figure 9), forming a closed loop. Data generates models, which can be deployed to devices for operation, and can guide the tuning of models during operation, and even collect new data. Such a self-evolving development model can improve development speed, lower development thresholds, and ensure development quality. Based on this model, development manpower can be reduced by about 30%, development time can be saved by 50%, and more importantly, because the development threshold is lowered, the scale of developers can even be expanded by an order of magnitude.

　　Horizon will continue to upgrade the power builder to provide customers with a semi-automated processing flow. Mainly include: closed-loop iteration between data tools and models, models and on-end devices; rich model/system reference prototypes, simple and easy to use intuitive and convenient interaction means; standardized development process, plus continuous testing, integration, and deployment mechanisms.

Horizon "Tiangong Kaiwu" chip tool chain

　　More specifically, Horizon’s model training tool can support mainstream deep learning frameworks such as TensorFlow to help users train their own models; the compiler supports converting the open-source training framework model format to the binary format on the chip; and the embedded development kit can support customers to call the algorithm library to develop their own applications, allowing customers to quickly deploy applications in chip manufacturers. The entire toolchain package can cover the complete development link (Figure 10). After optimization by the Horizon compiler, the memory access bottleneck of the algorithm can be greatly alleviated and the computing efficiency of the chip can be improved (Figure 11).

　　Development Process Based on "Tiangong Kaiwu" Tool Chain

Algorithms automatically optimized by the Horizon compiler provide significant performance improvements

　　Recently, Horizon partnered with South Korea’s SK Telecom to develop a dynamic crowdsourced high-definition mapping solution. SK used Horizon’s toolchain to develop a visual perception algorithm for Korean roads, demonstrating the ease of use and reliability of the toolchain.

　　In short, the opening of Horizon is a deep and multi-dimensional comprehensive opening from providing system reference solutions, to fully open sensing results, and then to full-stack solutions of toolchains, fully empowering the intelligent development of the automotive industry. If customers advocate the concept of division of labor and cooperation to maximize efficiency, Horizon provides software and hardware integrated chip solutions; if customers prefer to maximize capabilities and want to use their own algorithms, Horizon provides customers with pure chips and a complete toolchain to help customers achieve deep enough development freedom and practice the long-term commitment of "deep empowerment".

What changes have taken place in the past three years？

A large number of innovative drugs and "life-saving drugs" have entered the medical insurance drug list, which is the space saved by centralized procurement.

　 　 　 　On December 6, 2018, the centralized procurement of drugs in "4+7" pilot cities was opened in Shanghai. This means that the long-brewing national drug centralized procurement with quantity has officially kicked off.

National centralized drug procurement with quantity, referred to as "centralized procurement" for short, means that drug procurement institutions "package" the scattered purchases of medical institutions through public bidding, and purchase a clear number of drugs from drug suppliers by "group purchase", thus reducing procurement costs.

　 　 　 　At that time, the national medical insurance department entrusted the Shanghai Pharmaceutical Centralized Bidding and Purchasing Affairs Management Office under the Shanghai Medical Insurance Bureau to undertake the daily work of the national drug joint purchasing office (hereinafter referred to as "joint purchasing"). In the past three years, the joint procurement has organized six batches and seven rounds of national centralized procurement, and the scope of implementation has expanded from 11 cities to the whole country. The procurement content has expanded from oral dosage forms to injections, from chemical drugs to biological drugs, and the variety, quantity and degree of competition have been constantly breaking through.

　 　 　 　Specifically, what are the breakthroughs?Let’s take a look at the changes in these three years through the data.

The original drug was greatly reduced in price, and the "patent cliff" appeared.

　 　 　 　Among the six batches and seven rounds of centralized mining, the first five batches and six rounds are all chemical drugs. From the first batch of "4+7 quantity procurement" to the fifth batch of quantity procurement,A total of 218 varieties were covered, and the average price of the selected products decreased by 53%, which reduced the burden on patients by about 250 billion yuan.

　 　 　 　The number of selected products shows an upward trend.In the "4+7 quantity procurement", 25 of the 31 pilot generic drugs were successfully selected, with a successful selection rate of 81%. Since then, the number of selected varieties has reached 32, 55, 45 and 61 respectively. The sixth batch of insulin special procurement is the first time that the national centralized procurement has been extended to the field of biopharmaceuticals, which is quite different from the first five batches of procurement rules, and the number of selected varieties is 16.

　 　 　 　Except for the sixth batch of insulin special procurement, the average decline of the other five batches and six rounds of centralized procurement was above 50%, which remained stable. The fifth batch of centralized mining decreased by 56%, which was higher than other batches. It can be clearly seen that the centralized collection and extrusion of drug price moisture has played a positive role in promoting the return of drug prices to rationality.

　 　 　 　Centralized purchasing not only reduces the burden of drug use for the masses, but also improves the efficiency of the use of medical insurance funds.After calculation, the results of each batch of bidding saved 5.8 billion yuan, 19.5 billion yuan, 9.1 billion yuan, 19.5 billion yuan, 13.2 billion yuan, 24.1 billion yuan and 9 billion yuan for the pilot areas or the whole country. Among them, the fifth batch of centralized procurement selected the most varieties, involving a total amount of 55 billion yuan, saving medicine costs to the highest in previous centralized procurement.

　 　 　 　As a result, has the medical insurance expenditure decreased? Where did all the money saved go? In fact, to improve the efficiency of the use of medical insurance funds is not only to "cut costs", but also to spend money on the cutting edge. In recent years, a large number of innovative drugs and "life-saving drugs" have entered the medical insurance drug list, which is the space saved by centralized procurement. The continuous increase of medical insurance expenditure has prompted pharmaceutical enterprises to intensify innovation and promoted the process of high-quality development of the pharmaceutical industry.

　 　 　 　The participation and winning bid rate of each batch of original research pharmaceutical companies have always been the focus of attention. Although the average decline of the selected original drugs in the first four batches of centralized procurement was relatively high, climbing from 71% and 79% to 82% and 84%, there were 10 foreign companies involved in 11 products in the fifth batch of centralized procurement, and their participation was significantly improved.

　 　 　 　Foreign companies actively embrace centralized purchasing. On the one hand, the fifth batch of centralized purchasing involves many kinds of injections, and the successful result will have a great impact on the sales of enterprises in hospitals. Faced with such a big market change, foreign companies can’t "sit idly by". More importantly, it has been gradually accepted by the industry and society because the original drug is equivalent in quality and can compete on the same field. This is the embodiment of the implementation effect of the generic drug consistency evaluation policy and the embodiment of the normalization and institutionalization of centralized purchase.

　 　 　 　More and more original drugs have been greatly reduced in price, indicating that the phenomenon of "patent cliff" has appeared.The so-called "patent cliff" means that after the patent protection of a newly developed and listed drug expires, more generic drugs will appear on the market, and the increase in supply will lead to a cliff-like decline in the price of the original drug. In the past, the prices of some original drugs in China were higher than those in neighboring countries and regions for a long time, and the phenomenon of "patent cliff" failed to happen. Now, this phenomenon has finally happened because of national centralized mining.

"Taking quantity" is the core, and promoting "exchanging quantity for price"

　 　 　 　Six batches of centralized mining, which drug varieties have the highest decline?Based on the 457 drugs with known historical prices, the top drugs have different uses. Rivaroxaban, an anticoagulant in the fifth batch of centralized mining, dropped by as much as 99.5%, which is a veritable "price reduction king". Memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Harmo’s disease and olanzapine for the treatment of schizophrenia are also in the forefront with a drop of over 97%. Taking olanzapine orally disintegrating tablets as an example, patients used to spend 849 yuan a month, but now they can save 822 yuan by using the selected varieties, which can save more than 9,000 yuan a year.

　 　 　 　Some time ago, the "soul bargaining" in the national medical insurance drug list negotiation triggered a heated discussion. Is collective purchasing "soul bargaining"? In fact,Centralized purchasing and medical insurance negotiation are two different things.Although both of them belong to the "drug price reduction" initiative, the medical insurance negotiation is to include drugs in the catalogue, so that they can be reimbursed through medical insurance, and there is no provision for hospital dosage; Centralized procurement requires hospitals to give priority to the use of selected drugs and complete the contract dosage on time. It can be said that "with or without quantity" is the main difference between the two. In addition, the drugs selected in centralized procurement include both varieties in the medical insurance catalogue and those outside the catalogue.

　 　 　"Carrying quantity" is the core of centralized purchasing, and "exchanging quantity for price" can promote enterprises to reduce prices. So,What are the ten varieties with the largest purchase volume?It can be seen from the agreed procurement volume in the first year of the country that the drugs for common diseases, such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, are still in the greatest demand, among which metformin for treating type 2 diabetes has the largest procurement volume, with the agreed procurement volume reaching more than 5 billion tablets in the first year, and the actual procurement volume in the first year of the country exceeds 8 billion tablets. 2021 is the 100th anniversary of the discovery of insulin, and insulin has been continuously introduced in the past 100 years. At present, the second generation of recombinant human insulin and the third generation of recombinant insulin analogues are commonly used products in clinic. Relatively speaking, the third-generation insulin is safer and more effective, and the price is higher.

　 　 　 　Just at the end of last month, the sixth batch of centralized purchase of insulin was opened in Shanghai. This collection covers the second and third generations of insulin, including 16 generic varieties. The purchasing demand of medical institutions in China in the first year is about 210 million pieces, and the purchasing amount involved is about 17 billion yuan according to the pre-centralized purchasing price. The average price reduction of the products to be selected is 48%, and it is estimated that the annual cost can be saved by 9 billion yuan.

　 　 　 　The three years that Ji Cai has gone through are three years of challenges and achievements. The "Tenth Five-Year Plan" for National Medical Security proposes that by the end of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan", the number of drug varieties purchased by each province through national and provincial centralized quantity will reach more than 500. Practice has proved that only by holding on to the reform achievements and constantly promoting the normalization and institutionalization of centralized drug procurement can we better serve the overall situation of national medical and health reform and development and provide people with all-round and full-cycle health services.　 　　　

◆ Source | Jiefang Daily/China Medical Insurance

The National Seminar on Children’s Film Sunflower Squadron was held.

On March 19th, a national seminar on children’s film Sunflower Squadron was held in Beijing. Xia Chao, Chairman of China Literary Critics Association, Nie Zhenning, Writer and Publisher, Jiang Ping, President of China Xia Yan Film Society, Rao Shuguang, President of China Film Critics Association, Chen Yingxian, President of China Puppet Shadow Play Art Society, Huang Jun, President and Secretary General of China Education Association, Yang Yinfu, Professor Peking University, Vice President of China Film Critics Association, and Huang Yichuan, President and Editor-in-Chief of Contemporary Film, Su Yi, Vice President of China Xia Yan Film Society, Jiang Zhitao, critic, Jia Yang Sang Zhu, young director and deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Office of China Film Group, Yan Zhen, secretary general of Jiangsu Film Association, and other experts and scholars, as well as Wu Xinlin, the third-level researcher of the Propaganda Department of Nantong Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, Fan Xiaoyan, member of the Standing Committee of Tongzhou District Committee of Nantong City, director of the Propaganda Department, Fei Chunhua, deputy director of Nantong Civilization Office, and Wu Zhixiang, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of Tongzhou District Committee of Nantong City of the Communist Party of China. Xu Jun, Chairman of Nantong Tongzhou Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Feng Zhang, Vice Chairman of Nantong Tongzhou Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Deputy Director of Children’s Sound Base and producer of Sunflower Squadron, Qiu Yongkang, Vice Chairman of Nantong Tongzhou Federation of Literary and Art Circles and Deputy Director of Children’s Sound Base attended the meeting.

National Seminar on Children’s Film Sunflower Squadron

This seminar is supported by China Literary Critics Association, China Film Critics Association, China Xia Yan Film Society and china children film association, sponsored by the Propaganda Department of Nantong Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and Nantong Civilization Office, and hosted by the Propaganda Department of Tongzhou District Committee of Nantong City, Nantong Civilization Office and Nantong Tongzhou "China in Children’s Voice" Children’s Art Innovation and Research Base, and specially hosted by Qian State, President of Jiangsu Children’s Culture and Art Promotion Association and Professor of Nanjing Art College.

Xia Chao, chairman of the Chinese Literary Critics Association, said: "Sunflower Squadron is an excellent children’s film that shows the features of the new era, guides children to establish correct values and aesthetics, not only touches people’s hearts with characters, plots and emotions, but also expresses our new pursuit in the new era. It is a rare and good film with enlightening power."

Nie Zhenning, a writer and publisher, commented: "I am very much in favor of this film of love. It vividly presents the education of love in a very poetic and bright way, full of truth, goodness and beauty, and educates people with love, so I think the success of this children’s film Sunflower Squadron is inevitable."

Jiang Ping, president of China Xia Yan Film Society, praised: "Sunflower Squadron is a rare excellent children’s film in the new era, which has broadened the horizons of children’s films in our eyes. I think we can use four words’ new’ to represent this film, that is, new era, new children, new landscape and new atmosphere. It stands in a new angle of the times and focuses on the spiritual outlook and mental journey of children in today’s society. It is a positive and sunny film, just like a warm current of love coming towards us. "

Rao Shuguang, president of China Film Criticism Society, said: "Aesthetic education plays an important role in children’s education, and children’s films are an important and effective means to strengthen aesthetic education. I think "Sunflower Squadron" is a children’s film with light. The style and lens of the whole film are very bright. Through the characters and stories in the film, an inner, positive and upward emotional force is constantly conveyed, forming a unique artistic style and aesthetic temperament. I hope to carry out a far-reaching spread, so that this good film can reach more audiences and let the audience see the film they want to see, and realize a two-way trip.

Chen Yingxian, president of the Chinese Puppet Shadow Play Art Society, said: "The children’s film Sunflower Squadron performed very well in detail. The characters in the film encouraged each other and grew up with each other. The images of sunflowers were superimposed in different ways, giving people a warm power. As an audience, I was also inspired and enlightened."

Huang Jun, president of china children film association, said: "This is a movie that knocks people’s hearts. It has a theme of great love, especially the love of special groups and minors, which requires the careful, vigorous and wholehearted love of the whole society. From the visual point of view, the whole film is warm and cold from beginning to end, and the spring tone dominated by warmth is picturesque, full of vitality and pleasing to the eye. The visual tone blends well with the narrative and characterization of the film, which enhances the aesthetic and ideological strength of the whole film. The viewing experience of Sunflower Squadron is very enjoyable, enjoying four beauties-human beauty, emotional beauty, beautiful scenery and musical beauty. "

Yang Yinfu, vice president and secretary general of China Education Association, said: "Sunflower Squadron is a children’s film and an educational film. The theme of the film reflects inclusive education, so that no child is left behind and every child has a chance to shine in life. The film is full of sunshine, friendship and positive energy, expressing warm realism. It is precisely because of the teachers’ love, care and patience that miracles happen and Mo Li is cured because of their attitudes, emotions and wisdom. "

Professor Peking University and Zhang Yiwu, vice president of China Film Critics Association, affirmed: "I think this film is really a very meaningful and weighty work. It pays attention to such a unique theme as’ integrated education’, and integrates poetic and romantic spirit into the film, which strengthens the symbolic significance of sunflower, not only showing the gradual growth of the protagonist Mo Li, but also the spiritual improvement of other children and the improvement of value and cognition due to the arrival of Mo Li in the whole class, including We should further increase the spread of the film and realize the long tail effect. "

Huangfu Yichuan, president and editor-in-chief of Contemporary Film, said: "Sunflower Squadron, a children’s film, is a vivid film that pays attention to teenagers’ mental health, shows integrated education and cultivates teenagers’ healthy values. It provides a love education and artistic aesthetic experience at the social, school and family levels, and at the children’s psychological and aesthetic levels. From the perspective of film and television education for primary and secondary school students, children want to watch and deserve to watch, and should be recommended to primary and secondary school students. "

Su Yi, vice president of China Xia Yan Film Society, said: "Sunflower Squadron is a well-intentioned children’s work, which is full of the love of the creative team for children. Both adult actors and children actors have performed brilliantly and found a very good combination of real life and artistic truth. For such an excellent film, we should think about how to maximize its social benefits. " Jiang Zhitao, editor of the critic, said with deep feelings: "This is a work of conscience full of great love in the world. As an old audience of nearly 80 years old, I felt a lot after watching the film. I want to express my gratitude to the film creative team. Thank you for offering healthy and delicious spiritual food for the children, so that the children can grow up in happiness and beauty."

At the seminar, the film’s creative representatives shared their feelings about the film’s creation. Yingqi Chan, the "Top Ten Directors" in China and the director of the children’s film Sunflower Squadron, told the behind-the-scenes story emotionally. He said: "The film’s creation lasted for seven years, and it was easy to draft it. We always held a persistent attitude of being meticulous and striving for perfection, hoping to present an excellent children’s film for children in the new era and guide them to embrace the world with love." Brush brush, a children’s literature writer and the original author of Sunflower Squadron, said: "Thank you for putting my literary works on the screen, showing them to small audiences in a more vivid way, bringing them new experiences and giving this work new meaning and connotation." Xue Mei, the screenwriter of Sunflower Squadron, also described the psychological process of script creation, and revealed his heartfelt wishes of creating for children in persistence, exploration and development.

Fan Xiaoyan, member of the Standing Committee of Tongzhou District Committee of Nantong City and Minister of Propaganda Department, said in his speech: "The experts and critics present here are flag representatives in the fields of film and television art and children’s education, and they have rich experience and unique opinions. I believe that through today’s exchange, we will benefit a lot, collide with sparks of thought, help Sunflower Squadron go deeper, higher and further, and provide valuable inspiration and reference for our future research work. Fei Chunhua, deputy director of Nantong Civilization Office, expressed his gratitude to experts and scholars, film creative teams and cast members, children’s literary and art workers and literary volunteers on behalf of the seminar organizers, and further said: "I hope that all children’s literary and art workers and volunteer service teams will make persistent efforts under the careful guidance of experts, constantly innovate forms and enrich carriers, create more masterpieces to guide the healthy growth of children, promote the cultural construction of children and the prosperity and development of children’s literature and art, and make more contributions to promoting the growth of children."

The children’s film "Sunflower Squadron" was directed and supported by the Propaganda Department of CPC jiangsu provincial party committee and the Civilization Office of Jiangsu Province, jointly created by the Propaganda Department of CPC Nantong Municipal Committee, Nantong Civilization Office and the Propaganda Department of CPC Nantong Tongzhou District Committee, jointly produced by Nantong Tongzhou "China in Children’s Voice" children’s art creation and research activity base and Jiangsu Film Association, jointly produced by Nantong Grand Hyatt Culture and Art Communication Co., Ltd. and Nantong Intercontinental Virescence Expo Co., Ltd., and adapted from the novel of the same name brushed by the writer. Directed jointly by Yingqi Chan, the "Top Ten Director" in China, and Chen Juzhi, a young director, and written by Yingqi Chan, Xue Mei and Yang Xiaomeng, the young actors Yang Jinchen, Tian Yulin, Li Zixi, Jia Zixuan and Cao Yile were invited to star, and famous actors Hou Yong and Guo Guangping, Xiaohuan Wei, Sun Lan, Gao Fei, Cao Jun, He Da and Zhang Songnian were invited to participate in the performance.

Producer Feng Zhang introduced that since its release, the children’s film Sunflower Squadron has been shown in urban cinemas and primary and secondary schools, and has been invited to be shown in the training class of minors’ mental health counseling of the Central Civilization Office and the National Education and Training Conference of the National School of Education Administration, and broadcasted in the prime time of CCTV6 movie channel, winning two nominations of "Best Screenplay Award" and "Best Actress" at the 2nd Hong Kong Bauhinia International Film Festival and "Light Year Cup" as the "Outstanding Film of the Year" at the 13th Beijing International Network Film Festival.

In order to give full play to the educational function of the film, actively use excellent films to carry out film and television education activities in primary and secondary schools, and implement the fundamental task of educating people in Lide, the children’s film "Sunflower Squadron" organized a campus tour, which was shown in more than 500 primary and secondary schools one after another, benefiting more than 600,000 children and pushing the film into the campus, classes and children. In addition, we also cooperated with Jiangsu Women and Children Welfare Foundation to establish the "Sunflower Squadron Charity Fund", and opened up channels for public fundraising. All the funds raised were used to organize the children’s film Sunflower Squadron to watch movies, as well as to carry out public welfare activities related to youth film and television education, which widely condensed social charity forces, effectively promoted the normalization of film and television education activities, and created a strong atmosphere in which the whole society cared about the growth of young people. (Tong Xuan)

Li Ning’s revenue increased by 7% in 2023, and basketball running and fitness category contributed over 60%.

　　Li Ning’s performance in 2023 shows that the three core professional sports categories account for 64% of the total revenue.

　　In 2023, sportswear brand Li Ning released a performance report. The report shows that the group’s revenue increased by 7% year-on-year to 27.598 billion yuan; Gross profit increased by 6.9% year-on-year to 13.352 billion yuan, and the overall gross profit margin was 48.4%, which was consistent with the previous year. In addition, the profit attributable to equity holders of the Group was 3.187 billion yuan, the interest rate attributable to equity holders was 11.5%, and the net operating cash inflow increased by 19.8% year-on-year to 4.688 billion yuan.

　　Aspect 1: In terms of categories, the running water of the three core professional sports categories of basketball, running and fitness accounts for 64% of the total revenue, among which the running water and fitness water increased by 40% and 25% respectively, showing the important role and market growth potential of these three categories in Li Ning Group.

　　Aspect 2: In terms of sales channels, direct sales revenue has increased by 29%, and offline discounts have improved year-on-year. The annual wholesale flow achieved a low growth rate of 10%-20%, indicating that Li Ning maintained a stable performance in offline business.