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Aika talks about cars for a hundred years! On the rear wheel steering technology of automobile

　　　　[XCAR Centennial Theory of Car Originality]

　　　　In people’s subconscious, the car should turn by the front wheel in the process of moving. However, some friends who like to study automobile technology may know something about automobile rear wheel steering technology, so for most people, automobile rear wheel steering may not sound familiar. This issue of Aika’s "Hundred Years of Cars" column will explain the rear wheel steering technology that was once called "classic", and also briefly introduce the rear wheel steering technology that is currently being applied.

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[Love the car for a hundred years! On the rear wheel steering technology of automobile]

　【Please click on the picture below for a review of some articles in the past "Hundred Years of Cars".】

Review in the past

　　　　　● Classification and simple memory of rear wheel steering technology

　　　　Simply put, the rear wheel steering technology includes "active rear wheel steering" and "follow-up rear wheel steering". Then when it comes to "active rear wheel steering", friends who are familiar with automobile technology may think of the 2011 BMW 5 Series, that’s right! On the new BMW 5 Series, we can find a new electric power assist system named "Electric Power Steering".

Rear wheel steering

　　　　The rear-wheel steering system applied in the new BMW 5 Series makes it very convenient for drivers to turn and park, and this technology can give them an advantage over their competitors in the same class. Of course, in addition to the current hot model BMW 5 Series with active rear-wheel steering technology, as early as the 1980s and 1990s, many Japanese high-end cars used rear-wheel steering technology, such as Honda Prelude and Mazda 929, which were matched with advanced and safe electronic four-wheel steering systems.

Rear wheel steering

Rear wheel steering 　
[Honda Prelude]

Rear wheel steering

　　　　When it comes to "rear wheel follow-up steering", some friends may think of Citroen Fukang in those days, and perhaps Fukang has faded out of people’s minds now. However, in those days, Fukang led the car world with an original technology called rear wheel follow-up steering. This technology sounds profound from the name. It greatly improves the handling and comfort of Fukang automobile. In fact, it won’t feel as magical as the legend after figuring out its principle. We will recall Fukang’s rear wheel follow-up steering technology with everyone in the following article.

Rear wheel steering

　　　　In fact, almost at the same time as Citroen, Saab Saab developed the ReAxs chassis system. The system ensures accurate steering and can greatly improve the trajectory stability, even when braking violently at high speed. When turning, use the rear wheel to turn slightly to assist the car body to turn smoothly and keep the driving track. The axle heel connecting rod and the ball joint (instead of the inner and outer rubber suspension sleeves) in Saab ReAxs passive rear wheel steering rear suspension can better control the wheel movement. Therefore, when there is a turning load, the elastic motion characteristics of the rear axle will cause the two rear wheels to deflect slightly in the direction opposite to the steering input, that is, the outer wheel leans outward and the inner wheel leans inward. For the driver, this will make the car more balanced, make driving more fun, and help the car turn inward and respond to the steering input more closely.

Byd Han： comparable to millions of luxury cars, the first choice for value

In today’s automobile market, BYD Han has become a magic car in the hearts of ordinary consumers with its excellent performance, people-friendly price and economical use cost. Today, taking BYD Han as an example, starting from the data of insurance premium, charging fee, maintenance fee, etc., we analyze in detail why it can become the best choice for ordinary people.

I. Insurance premium: affordable and fully guaranteed.

For ordinary consumers, the insurance premium after buying a car is an expense that cannot be ignored. However, BYD Han has shown a very high cost performance in terms of insurance premiums. The insurance cost of my new BYD car in the first year is about 7000 yuan. This price is obviously more close to the people than the luxury models of the same level.

Take the 2022 BYD dmi Premium Edition as an example. Its annual premium includes compulsory insurance in 760 yuan, travel tax in 0 yuan and commercial insurance of 2,894.72 yuan, totaling 3,654.72 yuan. With the accumulation of driving records, the premium will decrease year by year. Such insurance premium is undoubtedly an acceptable expense for ordinary consumers.

Second, the charging fee: low cost, green travel

In the field of new energy vehicles, charging fee is one of the most concerned issues for consumers. As a pure electric vehicle, BYD Han has shown a very low cost in charging fees. Take the 2022 BYD Han dmi Premium Edition as an example, its power consumption per 100 kilometers is 13.2kWh. If you drive 20 thousand kilometers a year, the electricity bill is about 1700 yuan. This cost is much lower than that of similar fuel vehicles, which saves consumers a lot of fuel expenses.

In addition, BYD Han also supports various charging methods such as household charging piles and public charging piles, which provides great convenience for consumers. When charging public charging piles, although the cost will be relatively high, considering the battery life and the convenience of charging, this cost is still reasonable.

Third, the maintenance fee: economical, quality assurance.

In terms of vehicle maintenance, BYD Han also showed the characteristics of economic benefits. Take the 2022 BYD Han dmi Premium Edition as an example, its maintenance is relatively simple, and it needs about 300 yuan every time. This fee includes the inspection and replacement of the status of the three power systems, air conditioning filter elements, brake fluid and antifreeze. Compared with the same level of fuel vehicles, BYD Han’s maintenance costs are obviously more close to the people.

In addition, BYD Han’s maintenance cycle is relatively long. Take the 2022 dmi distinguished model as an example, the first maintenance is carried out within 5,000 kilometers or 3 months, and then the routine maintenance is carried out every 20,000 kilometers or every 12 months. Such a maintenance cycle is undoubtedly more friendly to ordinary consumers. At the same time, BYD manufacturers may also provide some maintenance preferential policies, such as free first insurance, maintenance packages, etc., which further reduces the maintenance cost of car owners.

Therefore, BYD Han is more cost-effective.

Revealed： Mazda EZ-6 car purchase price exposed, causing shock in the new energy car market

Recently, a Changan Mazda EZ-6 car purchase invoice has triggered heated discussions on the auto forum. The invoice shows that the purchased model is an EZ-6 pure electric BEV model, priced at 221,800 yuan. Many people believe that as Changan Mazda’s first new energy product, this certain price is reasonable and competitive for a joint venture B-class car market that only provides range extension power. This adds a strong touch to Changan Mazda’s important step into the new energy market.

Let’s first verify the authenticity of this invoice. According to the pictures released, the invoice date of this car purchase invoice is August 16, which is more than a month earlier than the pre-sale time. This time difference is not surprising for car companies. Car companies usually have a complete time advancement process before a new car is launched, especially in joint venture car companies, decision-making requires the joint participation of both China and Japan. Therefore, it is understandable to agree on the price two months in advance. In addition, although the key code and other information on the invoice are coded, from the information of the invoice, the information of the invoicing party and the details such as the invoice seal of Changan Mazda Automobile Co., Ltd., can almost confirm the authenticity of this invoice. This also means that the price of 221,800 yuan shown in the invoice is likely to be the actual price of the EZ-6.

In fact, since the EZ-6 made its debut at the 2024 Beijing Auto Show, it has quickly become the hottest sedan in the joint venture new energy field. From the perspective of vehicle design, the EZ-6 stands at the forefront of joint venture new energy design. It is the only model in the joint venture B-class sedan market that offers extended range power options, filling the gap in the joint venture new energy extended range products in the market. This uniqueness makes the EZ-6 quickly attract widespread attention both inside and outside the industry.

In terms of specifications, the product power of the EZ-6 should not be underestimated. In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the EZ-6 are 4921mm, 1890mm and 1485mm respectively, and the wheelbase is 2895mm. It adopts a frameless door and a hatchback design. Although it is more new energy, the through taillights and four round gun downlights on both sides still retain the classic design elements of Mazda.

In terms of power, the EZ-6 is available in both pure electric and extended range forms, and adopts a rear-drive layout. The power parameters of the pure electric version are 190kW, while the extended range version uses the same 1.5-liter range extender, and the power parameters are exactly the same. In terms of battery life, depending on the capacity of the battery pack, the pure electric model can last between 480km and 600km, while the extended range vehicle can achieve a long battery life of more than 1300km with a single charge and a tank of fuel.

In terms of intelligent configuration, the EZ-6 is also leading the way. It is equipped with the Qualcomm Snapdragon third-generation 8155 chip, equipped with a 14.6-inch floating center control screen and a full LCD instrument cluster. In addition, there are high-tech configurations such as AR-HUD head-up display, 180-degree panoramic chassis, etc. Adaptive cruise control, lane keeping assistance, automatic parking and a rare Sony sound system of the same level, as well as 64-color ambient lights, zero-gravity seats, etc., further enhance the sense of technology and luxury of the whole vehicle.

In terms of product power and price, the price of 221,800 yuan is very competitive for the EZ-6. Compared with the same level of models, such as Tesla’s price is close to 300,000 yuan, and the price is also about 300,000. The starting price of the Volkswagen ID7 is 227,700 yuan. The pricing of the EZ-6 is undoubtedly very reasonable and very attractive. Especially its extended range version can greatly relieve users’ "battery life anxiety", which is also its unique market advantage.

Combined with Mazda’s past pricing strategy, it is expected that the final price of the EZ-6 may fall between 180,000 and 240,000. If the pre-sale period is matched with some preferential policies, such as car purchase subsidies and low-interest loans, it will undoubtedly bring huge pressure to the existing joint venture new energy model market.

According to the latest news, the EZ-6 will start pre-sale on September 28th and is scheduled to be officially launched at the end of October. As the pre-sale and launch date approaches, more details and official pricing will be revealed.

The upcoming launch of the Changan Mazda EZ-6 signals a strong competitor in the field of new energy. Can the EZ-6 make waves in the market and trigger a consumer car buying boom? Let’s wait and see. Readers are welcome to share their views and expectations for this car in the comment area.

BYD sold 219,800 batteries in China, but the DM version of non-bladed batteries.

Author: Hao Jun
Editor’s opinion:Byd Han went on the market, and what attracted much attention and enthusiasm was the blade battery. But when you buy it, you should see clearly … Not all the series are equipped with blade batteries, especially Han DM. Not only is it not a blade battery, but even the battery material is not Ferrous lithium phosphate, but ternary lithium. If you really choose to buy Han series because of the original acupuncture experiment, remember that the long-life version and the four-wheel drive version are the safer blade batteries. Look carefully when you buy, but this time the price is different and the material is different. Don’t be greedy and buy the wrong car.

On the evening of July 12, 2020, BYD Han officially went public, and launched four models, including three pure electric vehicles (Han EV) and one plug-in hybrid vehicle (Han DM). After comprehensive subsidies, the price range was 219.8-279.5 thousand yuan. The new car adopts Dragon Face family design language. The NEDC cruising range of the two long-life models is 605km, and the NEDC cruising range of the four-wheel drive high-performance model is 550km；. Han DM has a cruising range of 81km in pure electric mode. It is reported that in the future, BYD will build more than 100 business circle experience spaces in China, and provide 2+2 worry-free plans and 5+5 exclusive services for BYD Han car owners. In addition, BYD officials also said that based on 5G technology, Han EV will also launch a 5G version.

The appearance of BYD Han still adopts the design of family-style Dragon face, which is a perfect combination of form and function with daytime running lights and position lamp inspired by the shape of dragon whiskers. The front face of Han EV shows the typical elements of pure electric vehicles, and the closed grille is matched with the long and narrow headlight group to create a strong sense of the future. The front face of Han DM is more impactful, and the large-size lower grille shows the effect similar to lattice grille under the modification of a large number of chrome trim strips.

The high waistline on the side of the car runs through the whole body and perfectly blends with the slip-back line of the D-pillar, showing the tough atmosphere of sports in a coupe posture. Han EV has a length, width and height of 4980/1910/1495mm and a wheelbase of 2920mm, respectively. Han DM has a length, width and height of 4960/1910/1495mm and a wheelbase of 2920mm, respectively. Compared with Han EV, the body length is 20mm less. "EV" and "DM" signs are used at the lower left of the rear of the car to highlight its identity. The through taillight design is very scientific and technological, and at the same time, it effectively stretches the visual width, making the new car look lower from the back, giving people a sense of sight that is ready to go.

Chinese aesthetic concept and symmetrical design are integrated into the car, and the overall color tone is red and black. The red seat and the red decoration on the center console, steering wheel and door panel further highlight the sports attribute. Double-spoke flat-bottomed steering wheel and other designs add a sporty atmosphere to the interior; The electronic gear handle itself is more exquisite, and the function selection of the lever type is added in the key area, so that the driving mode can be selected. The configuration is equipped with a 12.3-inch LCD instrument panel, a 15.58-inch central control panel (embedded with DiLink 3.0 intelligent network connection system), an atmosphere light with "Long Lin" texture, APA full-scene automatic parking, OTA remote upgrade of the whole vehicle, a 12-way electric adjustable seat, a diamond stitch craft seat, a rear air outlet, wireless charging of 15W mobile phones, a rear USB, a 220V power supply, etc. The safety configuration is equipped with DiPilot intelligent driver assistance system, DiDAS. It is worth mentioning that APA automatic parking will be applied to BYD Han models for the first time.

Two super-long endurance models (middle and low models) of Han EV are equipped with front motors with maximum power of 222 HP and peak torque of 330 Nm, and their 0-100km/h acceleration time is 7.9 seconds; On the basis of the front motor, the four-wheel drive high-performance model (high-equipped model) adds a rear motor with a maximum power of 272 HP and a peak torque of 350 Nm, and its 0-100km/h acceleration time is 3.9 seconds. In terms of battery life, all three EV models adopt Ferrous lithium phosphate blade battery developed by BYD, with a battery capacity of 76.9kWh. The NEDC cruising range of the two long-life models is 605km, and the NEDC cruising range of the four-wheel drive high-performance model is 550km. It is worth mentioning that the high-performance version is also equipped with a Brembo high-performance braking system.

At present, there is only one model of Han DM, which is equipped with a hybrid system consisting of a 2.0T engine with a maximum power of 192 HP and a motor with a maximum power of 244 HP and a peak torque of 330 Nm. The combined maximum power is 436 HP and the peak torque is 650 Nm. The acceleration time of 0-100km/h is 4.7 seconds. In terms of battery life, the car is equipped with a ternary lithium battery with a battery capacity of 15.2kWh, and the NEDC cruising range of the car is 81km in pure electric mode.

Beij is facing that most complicate and severe prevention and control situation since the COVID-19 epidemic.

CCTV News:On November 21st, the Information Office of Beijing Municipal Government held the 420th routine press conference on epidemic prevention and control to inform the latest situation. At the meeting, Liu Xiaofeng, deputy director of the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, introduced that the current epidemic situation in this city continues to be at a high level, showing a rapid upward trend, with obvious regional differences. This city is facing the most complicated and severe prevention and control situation since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, and is at the most critical and tight moment. We should further understand the situation, unify our thinking, unswervingly implement the general strategy of "external defense input, internal defense rebound" and the general policy of "dynamic zero clearing", compact the "four-party responsibility", optimize prevention and control measures strictly, timely and appropriately, and pay close attention to the implementation of various prevention and control work; It is necessary to further strengthen the territorial responsibility of areas with serious epidemic situation, reduce social mobility, advocate flexible work, reduce the rate of arrival, online teaching, and make appointments in public places to limit the flow in areas with serious epidemic situation, effectively implement regional nucleic acid screening, and make orderly arrangements to avoid getting together; It is necessary to further strengthen the investigation and control of risk personnel and risk points, do a good job in standardized management and service guarantee of high-risk areas, pay attention to epidemic prevention management in crowded places, and implement various prevention and control measures in key links in a timely, effective and high-quality manner.

Such as knife cutting, fire! This disease is ＂painful＂ and hot search. Do you want to fight thousands of dollars of vaccine？

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Recently, a # Pain is a danger signal of herpes zoster # boarded a hot search in Weibo, causing everyone’s attention to herpes zoster!

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How painful is it to get herpes zoster? People who have had this disease are worried about it and complain bitterly!

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What disease is herpes zoster?

Herpes zoster is what people call "raw snake", "waist-wrapped dragon" and "waist-turned dragon", which is infected by varicella-zoster virus and occurs in middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old, showing clustered blisters.

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At the time of eruption, the skin of the affected area first appeared tidal erythema, then appeared clustered papules without fusion, and then quickly turned into blisters, with redness around the blisters. Skin lesions are often distributed along a certain peripheral nerve area, generally occurring on one side of the body and not exceeding the midline. Blisters will then dry up, scab and fall off, and there may be pigmentation left behind. Generally, skin lesions last for 2-3 weeks, and the elderly are about 3-4 weeks.

Characteristics of herpes zoster-high infection rate.

According to public information, herpes zoster is more common in older people with immunosuppression or immunodeficiency. According to Professor Chang Jianmin, director of the dermatology department of Peking Hospital and deputy director of the Department of Dermatology and Venereology of Peking University, in China, about 99.5% of adults aged 50 and above are latent varicella-zoster virus, and there are about 1.56 million new cases of herpes zoster in people aged 50 and above every year. According to the China Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia, the annual incidence of herpes zoster is about 3-5‰.

Characteristics of herpes zoster-patients have to bear great pain.

It is understood that the onset of herpes zoster is very painful, such as cutting, burning, electric shock and whipping. The degree of pain is higher than that of childbirth, and even some patients will suffer from inattention, disorder, anxiety and depression, which is both physical and psychological. Some netizens commented: "Once you get sick, it invades your nerves and hurts like hell."

Often accompanied by significant neuralgia.

There is a saying: "snake sores, waist-wrapped dragons, crawling all over the circle will kill people", which means that it is painful when it comes on. It affects work during the day and sleep at night. Herpes zoster is contagious, mainly through droplets and contact.

Recently, with the increase of rain and the arrival of humid weather, the resistance of middle-aged and elderly people is extremely easy to decline, and herpes zoster is also prone to high incidence. Everyone must pay attention to it.

Vaccination can effectively prevent

Herpes zoster vaccine, namely recombinant herpes zoster vaccine (CHO cell), was officially launched in China in early July 2020. It is suitable for preventing herpes zoster. The vaccination target is adults aged 50 and over, and the immunization program is 2 doses.

Vaccination interval is 2 months, and the longest is no more than 6 months. Experts say that herpes zoster is a common disease in the elderly. To prevent the occurrence of herpes zoster, the first is to improve immunity, and the second is very important for middle-aged and elderly people to get a rash vaccine!

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For friends over 50 years old, it is recommended to vaccinate against herpes zoster, because with the increase of age, the probability of herpes zoster is getting higher and higher, and the incidence rate of people over 50 years old is obvious because of the gradual decline of cellular immune function, and active vaccination can reduce this risk. Vaccination is more recommended for people over 50 years old who have had chickenpox and their immunity is relatively low.

Do people who have had it still need to be vaccinated?

Experts say that people who have had herpes zoster once have a very low chance of getting sick again. The human body has a memory of herpes zoster virus immunity and will produce antibodies to avoid getting sick again.

However, people who have had herpes zoster and have relapsed still exist. Such patients often have very low immunity. After getting herpes zoster for the first time, they did not get enough antibodies. Therefore, when a similar situation occurs for the second time, the antibodies in the body are not enough to resist the virus, which will make the disease happen again. Therefore, for patients who have experienced herpes zoster recurrence, experts still recommend vaccination against herpes zoster to prevent recurrence.

Domestic listing enters countdown.

Throughout the world, there are two kinds of herpes zoster vaccines listed. Among them, shingrix from GlaxoSmithKline was approved to be listed in China in 2019 for preventing herpes zoster in adults aged 50 and over, and was officially launched in China market on June 28th, 2020, which is the only herpes zoster vaccine listed in China at present.

As herpes zoster vaccine belongs to the national immunization program, patients need to pay for it themselves. The price announced by Shanghai CDC is 1603.5 yuan/dose, and the full vaccination price is 3207 yuan, which is also the general price of community centers around the world, and the vaccination fee is not cheap. It is worth noting that at present, many domestic pharmaceutical companies are researching and developing the distribution of herpes zoster vaccine, and the fastest research and development company has received the Acceptance Notice of the application for the marketing license of live attenuated herpes zoster vaccine issued by the Drug Evaluation Center of China Food and Drug Administration. In other words, the vaccine has entered the stage of applying for marketing!

Source of this article: CCTV